Polypyrrole Nanomaterials: Structure, Preparation and Application

Hao, Lu; Dong, Changyi; Zhang, Lifeng; Zhu, Kaiming; Yu, Demei

doi:10.3390/polym14235139

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 258 publications

(337 reference statements)

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“…Various highly elastic polymeric materials have been selected as flexible substrates/dielectric layers as well as sensing materials and electrodes to assemble flexible pressure sensors due to their excellent deformability and simple manufacturing processes, including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [ 17 ], poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) [ 17 ], polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [ 18 ], polyethylene (PEN) [ 19 ], polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [ 20 ], polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [ 21 ], polyimide (PI) [ 12 ], polyurethane (PU) [ 22 ], polycarbonate (PC) [ 23 ], Ecoflex [ 24 ], epoxy [ 25 ], etc. Other conductive polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) [ 26 ], polyaniline (PANI) [ 27 ], and hybrid poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) [ 28 , 29 ] have shown higher electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical flexibility as wearable pressure sensors [ 30 ].…”

Section: Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Microtopography Optimization of Polymers-Based Pressure/Strain Sensors

Sun

Wang

2023

Polymers

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Due to the wide application of wearable electronic devices in daily life, research into flexible electronics has become very attractive. Recently, various polymer-based sensors have emerged with great sensing performance and excellent extensibility. It is well known that different structural designs each confer their own unique, great impacts on the properties of materials. For polymer-based pressure/strain sensors, different structural designs determine different response-sensing mechanisms, thus showing their unique advantages and characteristics. This paper mainly focuses on polymer-based pressure-sensing materials applied in different microstructures and reviews their respective advantages. At the same time, polymer-based pressure sensors with different microstructures, including with respect to their working mechanisms, key parameters, and relevant operating ranges, are discussed in detail. According to the summary of its performance and mechanisms, different morphologies of microstructures can be designed for a sensor according to its performance characteristics and application scenario requirements, and the optimal structure can be adjusted by weighing and comparing sensor performances for the future. Finally, a conclusion and future perspectives are described.

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Section: Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Microtopography Optimization of Polymers-Based Pressure/Strain Sensors

Sun

Wang

2023

Polymers

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“…10−12 Polypyrrole (Ppy) is an intrinsically conducting polymer with good aqueous stability and allows surface functionalization. 12,13 Reports confirm that Ppy NPs increase cardiac conduction velocity, synchronize irregular cardiac rhythm, and enhance Ca 2+ signaling across cardiac cells, although in vitro. 7,14 However, some studies indicated that high concen- trations of Ppy NPs could affect its biocompatibility and cause undesirable effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Polypyrrole (Ppy) is an intrinsically conducting polymer with good aqueous stability and allows surface functionalization. , Reports confirm that Ppy NPs increase cardiac conduction velocity, synchronize irregular cardiac rhythm, and enhance Ca 2+ signaling across cardiac cells, although in vitro. , However, some studies indicated that high concentrations of Ppy NPs could affect its biocompatibility and cause undesirable effects. − A recent study of p -toluene sulfonic acid-doped Ppy NPs reported that at high concentrations (500 μg/mL) caused embryonic toxicity, premature hatching, and a reduced heart rate in zebrafish larvae .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Nanomedicine offers a palette of drugs, nanoparticles, and strategies; a rigorous investigation of their efficacy and side effects can accelerate the progress of safe and innovative therapies to clinical trials. Among other nanomaterials, polypyrrole nanoparticles (Ppy NPs) are scrutinized as an emerging candidate for cardiac arrhythmia treatments − and other biomedical applications. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Arrhythmic Effects Evaluated on Caenorhabditis elegans: The Case of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles

Srinivasan,

Illera,

Kukhtar

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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Experimental studies and clinical trials of nanoparticles for treating diseases are increasing continuously. However, the reach to the market does not correlate with these efforts due to the enormous cost, several years of development, and off-target effects like cardiotoxicity. Multicellular organisms such as the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) can bridge the gap between in vitro and vertebrate testing as they can provide extensive information on systemic toxicity and specific harmful effects through facile experimentation following 3R EU directives on animal use. Since the nematodes’ pharynx shares similarities with the human heart, we assessed the general and pharyngeal effects of drugs and polypyrrole nanoparticles (Ppy NPs) using C. elegans. The evaluation of FDA-approved drugs, such as Propranolol and Racepinephrine reproduced the arrhythmic behavior reported in humans and supported the use of this small animal model. Consequently, Ppy NPs were evaluated due to their research interest in cardiac arrhythmia treatments. The NPs’ biocompatibility was confirmed by assessing survival, growth and development, reproduction, and transgenerational toxicity in C. elegans. Interestingly, the NPs increased the pharyngeal pumping rate of C. elegans in two slow-pumping mutant strains, JD21 and DA464. Moreover, the NPs increased the pumping rate over time, which sustained up to a day post-excretion. By measuring pharyngeal calcium levels, we found that the impact of Ppy NPs on the pumping rate could be mediated through calcium signaling. Thus, evaluating arrhythmic effects in C. elegans offers a simple system to test drugs and nanoparticles, as elucidated through Ppy NPs.

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“…Among the known conducting polymers, PPy is extensively used in commercial applications owing to its high conductivity, high energy density, good durability, and low toxicity [ 6 , 7 ]. PPy is extensively used in many applications, including electrocatalysts, sensors, rechargeable batteries, and biomedicines [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The structure and conductivity of polymers play important roles in determining their efficiency in various applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ultrasonication Parameters on the Structural, Morphological, and Electrical Properties of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2023

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Polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles are reliable conducting polymers with many industrial applications. Nevertheless, owing to disadvantages in structure and morphology, producing PPy with high electrical conductivity is challenging. In this study, a chemical oxidative polymerization-assisted ultra-sonication method was used to synthesize PPy with high conductivity. The influence of critical sonication parameters such as time and power on the structure, morphology, and electrical properties was examined using response surface methodology. Various analyses such as SEM, FTIR, DSC, and TGA were performed on the PPy. An R2 value of 0.8699 from the regression analysis suggested a fine correlation between the observed and predicted values of PPy conductivity. Using response surface plots and contour line diagrams, the optimum sonication time and sonication power were found to be 17 min and 24 W, respectively, generating a maximum conductivity of 2.334 S/cm. Meanwhile, the model predicted 2.249 S/cm conductivity, indicating successful alignment with the experimental data and incurring marginal error. SEM results demonstrated that the morphology of the particles was almost spherical, whereas the FTIR spectra indicated the presence of certain functional groups in the PPy. The obtained PPy with high conductivity can be a promising conducting material with various applications, such as in supercapacitors, sensors, and other smart electronic devices.

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Polypyrrole Nanomaterials: Structure, Preparation and Application

Cited by 38 publications

References 258 publications

Progress in Microtopography Optimization of Polymers-Based Pressure/Strain Sensors

Progress in Microtopography Optimization of Polymers-Based Pressure/Strain Sensors

Arrhythmic Effects Evaluated on Caenorhabditis elegans: The Case of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles

Effect of Ultrasonication Parameters on the Structural, Morphological, and Electrical Properties of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

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