Polypores, Agrobacterium and ivy damage on Hungarian ancient trees

Abstract

Ancient trees are important habitats, confer vital ecological roles and function as cultural legacies. Old trees with large girth are keystone structures in various ecosystems. We aim to present which species amongst the greatest Hungarian trees (and some other phanerophyte plants) are damaged by polypores (the most important agents of wood decay), Agrobacterium tumefaciens (usually causing root tumour) or ivy (competing against the native vegetation and causing windthrow damage) and at what extent and frequency; and whether there is a relationship between these types of damage and the origin of the species (native or adventive) or its situation (solitary or surrounded by other trees). We measured 2,000 trees, belonging to 29 native and 43 non-native species. Polypore infection could be detected in 12.2% of the observed 531 settlements, 22.8% are damaged by Agrobacterium and 29.6% by ivy, while 51.2% by other types of pests and diseases. Altogether, one third of the observed 2000 ancient or veteran trees suffered from one or more types of damage. A total of 33.5% of the native species (519 specimens out of 1550) and 28.7% of the adventives (129 trees out of 450) are damaged by any (or more than one) of the mentioned infections or ivy. Mostly, damage occurred to those old trees that stand in a park or forest, while the single (solitary) trees were usually healthy. The most infected regions are the western and south-western counties, while the Northern Hungarian Mountain Range is much less affected, despite its great sample size. Low damage was detected in the Great Hungarian Plain, but the number of sample areas and veteran trees was also low here. The damage to old trees remains without any management or healing in Hungary, since the only effective solution would be prevention.

Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China

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“…Currently, the studies concerning urban ancient trees cover a variety of themes, such as field investigation [13][14][15], spatial distribution [7,16], rejuvenation and pest control [17][18][19], and protection legislation [20][21][22], as well as the aesthetic and spiritual aspects of ancient trees [23,24]. Among them, most studies have focused on species diversity and spatial differentiation [7,25].…”

Differential characteristics and driving forces of the spatial distribution of heritage trees in Luoyang, an ancient capital of China

“…Second, despite different definitions of heritage trees, investigation and monitoring method have certain similarities; thus, sophisticated and intelligent techniques, including unmanned aerial vehicles, have been widely used (Singh et al, 2015;Qiu et al, 2018). Finally, biologists and foresters primarily aimed to explore rejuvenation and pest control; thus, they conducted research on specific tree species (Zhang et al, 2013;Takács et al, 2020). Some studies have indicated that heritage trees are closely associated with daily needs of local residents and their cultures and beliefs, and the direct or indirect historical and cultural value of heritage trees has been effectively excavated (Jordan et al, 2021;Cannon et al, 2022).…”

Number and distribution of large old ginkgos in east China: Implications for regional conservation

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