Polyphosphazene microspheres modified with transition metal hydroxystannate for enhancing the flame retardancy of polyethylene terephthalate

Li, Shuai; Li, Teng; Wang, Xuan; Zhong, Yi; Zhang, Linping; Wang, Bijia; Feng, Xueling; Sui, Xiaofeng; Xu, Hong; Chen, Zhize; Mao, Zhiping

doi:10.1002/pat.4873

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…[34][35] The mass of PZS shows a slight loss at 200 °C and the temperature at which the PZS loses 5 wt % is 300 °C. Compared with the microspheres prepared at fully substituted in other literatures whose temperature is 460 °C at 5 % loss, [24] the lower temperature results from the low crosslinking density. For PZS-PNX, the initial decomposition temperature reduces to 213 °C, lower than the 300 °C of PZS.…”

Section: Chempluschemmentioning

confidence: 81%

Polyphosphazene‐Functionalized Microspheres as Efficient Catalysts for the Knoevenagel Reaction under Mild Conditions

Chen

Yuan³

et al. 2022

ChemPlusChem

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Inspired by the formation of microspheres by hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and 4, 4'-sulfonyldiphenol, polyphosphazene-functionalized microspheres were developed. Benefits from the supported supper basic phosphazene, the yield exceeded 99 % at room temperature in the manner of second-order reaction kinetics toward Knoevenagel reaction and was still maintained at 99 % after 16 runs. In the experimental temperature from 0 °C to 90 °C, the yield increased from 92 % to 99 %, reflecting that the catalyst had strong applicability under mild conditions. This behavior was conducive to energy conservation. Meanwhile, simple separation and recovery further enhanced this advantage. In addition, the catalyst was also found to be insensitive to aqueous solution or organic solvents such as toluene, THF, EtOH and CH 3 CN. This property gave the Knoevenagel reaction a vast choice. All these features exhibit that this novel catalyst is an attractive and applicable alternative in organic synthesis.

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Section: Chempluschemmentioning

confidence: 81%

Polyphosphazene‐Functionalized Microspheres as Efficient Catalysts for the Knoevenagel Reaction under Mild Conditions

Chen

Yuan³

et al. 2022

ChemPlusChem

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“…The strength ratio of D band to G band can be employed to evaluate the microcrystal size of char layer. The larger the I D / I G value, the smaller the microcrystal size of the char layer, which represents the high flame retardant efficiency 49 . It was noteworthy that the Raman spectra of all PET/FR composites were similar with the pure PET.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Synthesis and application of poly (cyclotriphosphazene‐resveratrol) microspheres for enhancing flame retardancy of poly (ethylene terephthalate)

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A poly (cyclotriphosphazene-resveratrol) (PRS) microsphere was synthesized via a feasible in-situ template approach and applied to poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) for ameliorating its flammable and melt-dropping issues. The prepared PRS microspheres displayed superior thermal stability and flame retardancy. By incorporating only 2 wt% of PRS microspheres into PET matrix, the limiting oxygen index value was increased from 23.3% to 28.3% and reached the UL-94 V-0 level without any afterflame time. Cone calorimeter test demonstrated that the HRR and THR of PET/FR2.0 composite decreased significantly by 31.1% and 13.5%, respectively, which remarkably increased the fire safety of PET. On the other hand, the tensile strength and elongation at break of PET/FR2.0 composite decreased slightly, whereas the tensile modulus was increased by 10.5% than that of the pure PET. Moreover, the fireretardant mechanism of PRS microspheres was fully investigated, revealing that PET/FR system would generate compact and continuous char layers rapidly during combustion, the underlay materials would not be further cracked due to the isolation of external heat and oxygen. Nonflammable gases such as ammonia were also released to dilute the concentration of combustible gases around the PET matrix, achieving an efficient flame retardant effect.

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“…Except for PVC and EP, ZHS-based flame retardant have also been employed in the other polymers such as ABS [ 73 ], poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinylidene chloride) (PANVDC) [ 74 ], ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) [ 75 ], polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene [ 76 ], polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [ 77 ], etc.…”

Section: The Application Of Zhs-based Flame Retardantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Zinc Hydroxystannate-Based Flame Retardant Polymer Blends

et al. 2022

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During the combustion of polymeric materials, plenty of heat, smoke, and toxic gases are produced that may cause serious harm to human health. Although the flame retardants such as halogen- and phosphorus-containing compounds can inhibit combustion, they cannot effectively reduce the release of toxic fumes. Zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS, ZnSn(OH)6) is an environmentally friendly flame retardant that has attracted extensive interest because of its high efficiency, safety, and smoke suppression properties. However, using ZHS itself may not contribute to the optimal flame retardant effect, which is commonly combined with other flame retardants to achieve more significant efficiency. Few articles systematically review the recent development of ZHS in the fire safety field. This review aims to deliver an insight towards further direction and advancement of ZHS in flame retardant and smoke suppression for multiple polymer blends. In addition, the fire retarded and smoke suppression mechanism of ZHS will be demonstrated and discussed in depth.

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Polyphosphazene microspheres modified with transition metal hydroxystannate for enhancing the flame retardancy of polyethylene terephthalate

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Polyphosphazene‐Functionalized Microspheres as Efficient Catalysts for the Knoevenagel Reaction under Mild Conditions

Polyphosphazene‐Functionalized Microspheres as Efficient Catalysts for the Knoevenagel Reaction under Mild Conditions

Synthesis and application of poly (cyclotriphosphazene‐resveratrol) microspheres for enhancing flame retardancy of poly (ethylene terephthalate)

Recent Advances in Zinc Hydroxystannate-Based Flame Retardant Polymer Blends

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