Polyphenolic profiles and the in vivo antioxidant effect of nipa vinegar on paracetamol induced liver damage

Abstract

Nipa vinegar, which is rich in gallic acid and protocatechuic acid, has reverted the paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice by reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Comparison of in vivo toxicity, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of coconut, nipah and pineapple juice vinegars

“…The standard deviation was calculated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range tests. Table 3 summarises the in vitro antioxidant activities and the soluble phenolic acid derivatives identified in coconut juice vinegar and compares the data to the literature data for vinegars prepared from nipah 19 and pineapple 20 juices. According to the results, pineapple juice vinegar exhibited the highest TPC, FRAP values and radical scavenging activities compared to the coconut and nipah juice vinegars.…”

“…[29][30][31] Considering that vinegar can be produced from different sources and via distinct processes, the antioxidant strength may vary among vinegars, due to the differences in minerals, vitamins and phenolic acid content of the original source. 32,33 Table 3 compares the differences in the antioxidative activities of coconut juice vinegar with the literature data for nipah 19 and pineapple 20 juice vinegars, produced using the same fermentation method. Among these vinegars, pineapple juice vinegar contained the highest diversity and concentration of soluble phenolic acids, which may contribute to its highest level of antioxidants.…”

“…The results were calculated from the standard FeSO 4 calibration curve and expressed as µmol Fe 2+ . The TPC, soluble phenolic acids content and in vitro antioxidant activities of the coconut juice vinegar were compared with the previously published results for vinegars prepared from nipah and pineapple juices.…”

“…Then, 20 μL coconut juice vinegar was added to a 96-well plate, mixed with 150 μL FRAP working solution and then incubated for 10 min. The absorbance was measured 19 and pineapple 20 juices.…”

Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Chemical‐Induced Liver Injuries

“…It was also reported that soy isoflavones reduced hepatotoxicity caused by APAP via suppressing cytochrome P450‐mediated bioactivation and GSH depletion, and accelerating drug excretion in urine (Liu et al., ). As for spices and other seasonings, it was shown that pineapple ( Ananas comosus ) vinegar and nipa ( Nypa fruticans ) vinegar could similarly decrease serum biomarkers, normalize hepatic antioxidant levels, and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factor and cytochrome P450 (Beh et al., ; Mohamad et al., ).…”