Polyphenol and Tannin Nutraceuticals and Their Metabolites: How the Human Gut Microbiota Influences Their Properties

Fabbrini, Marco; D’Amico, Federica; Barone, Monica; Conti, Gabriele; Mengoli, Mariachiara; Brigidi, Patrizia; Turroni, Silvia

doi:10.3390/biom12070875

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…The LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis of GME explored the tentative recognition of 48 known compounds contributing to various health benefits. Antioxidant properties are one of the most critical possible health benefits of phenolics (chlorogenic acid) and flavonoids, such as (rutin, hesperetin, naringenin, luteolin, kaempferol glycosides, and methoxylated flavones) [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of Natural Components of Gardenia thunbergia Thunb. Leaves: Effect of Methanol Extract and Rutin on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2023

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The rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD has strained the healthcare system. Natural products could solve this problem, so the current study focused on the impact of G. thunbergia Thunb. against this ailment. LC–ESI–MS/MS revealed the phytochemical profile of the methanol extract from Gardenia thunbergia leaves (GME). Forty-eight compounds were tentatively identified, and stigmasterol, fucosterol, ursolic acid, and rutin were isolated. The separation of the last three compounds from this plant had not before been achieved. The anti-NAFLD effect of the methanol extract of the leaves of G. thunbergia, and its major metabolite, rutin, was assessed in mice against high-fructose diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Male mice were allocated into nine groups: (1) saline (control), (2) 30% fructose (diseased group), (3) HFD, and 10 mg/kg of simvastatin. Groups 4–6 were administered HFD and rutin 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg. Groups (7–9) were administered HFD and methanol extract of leaves 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg. Methanol extract of G. thunbergia leaves at 200 mg/kg, and rutin at 75 mg/kg significantly reduced HFD-induced increments in mice weight and hepatic damage indicators (AST and ALT), steatosis, and hypertrophy. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL–C, and triglycerides in the blood decreased. In addition, the expressions of CYP2E1, JNK1, and iNOS in the diseased mice were downregulated. This study found that GME and rutin could ameliorate NAFLD in HFD-fed mice, with results comparable to simvastatin, validating G. thunbergia’s hepatoprotective effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of Natural Components of Gardenia thunbergia Thunb. Leaves: Effect of Methanol Extract and Rutin on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2023

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“…Among the investigated specialized metabolite classes, a strong correlation was observed between hydrolyzable tannins and reducing power and DPPH-scavenging activity, with Pearson’s correlation coefficients, r , of 0.83 and 0.59, respectively. Tannins are considered antinutritional compounds, but recent evidence has shown that they can have health benefits, exhibiting marked antioxidant properties related to the prevention of cancer, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disorders as well as a preservative effect in food (food industry) [ 83 ]. Correlations were also observed between TPC and FRAP ( r = 0.56) and DPPH ( r = 0.34), as well as TFC and FRAP ( r = 0.21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Yield, Phytochemical Content and Biological Activity of a Leafy Vegetable (Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla) by Using Organic Amendments as an Alternative to Chemical Fertilizer

Libutti

Russo

Lela

et al. 2023

Plants

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This study evaluates the effect of a chemical fertilizer (ammonium nitrate), a compost (vermicompost from cattle manure) and two biochars (from vine prunings and wood chips, respectively), applied to the soil alone or in mixture, on the yield, phytochemical content and biological activity of Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla (Swiss chard). The respective treatments, each replicated four times, were arranged according to a completely randomized block design. Results showed that vermicompost, both alone and in mixture with vine pruning biochar, significantly increased yield parameters (plant height and leaf area) and yield over the untreated soil and the biochars alone, similar to ammonium nitrate. Moreover, vermicompost, both alone and in mixture, respectively, with the two biochars, determined lower total N and NO3− contents than ammonium nitrate, both alone and in mixture, respectively, with the two biochars. In particular, NO3− content was within the safe thresholds fixed for leafy vegetables by the European Commission to prevent any adverse implication on human health from dietary NO3− exposure. The biochars alone resulted in very low yield and leaf total N content, likely due to a limited release of N for plant uptake, also evidenced by the undetectable NO3− leaf content, similarly shown by plants grown in untreated soil. Vermicompost, alone or in mixture, respectively, with the two biochars, increased the content of specialized metabolites, with a positive effect on antioxidant activity. The organic amendments, particularly compost, could be an alternative to chemical fertilizers to reach a trade-off between yield, nutritional and health qualities in Swiss chard, meeting the needs of farmers and consumers as well as the targets for sustainable food production.

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“…Several studies have suggested that gut microbiota might metabolize dietary phenols into bioactive compounds, which might be responsible for their beneficial effects . Some gut microbiota can ferment tannins into catechins and phenolic acids, which may exert therapeutic effects .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallotannin Isolated from Pericarp of Water Caltrop Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

Han

Meng

Ding

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide prevalent chronic liver disease characterized by hepatic steatosis. Water caltrop, the fruit of Trapa natan, is widely cultivated as an edible vegetable in Asian countries. In China, water caltrop pericarp has long been used as a functional food to treat metabolic syndrome, yet the bioactive substances and their pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a natural gallotannin, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (GA), was isolated from water caltrop pericarp and evaluated for its therapeutic effect on NAFLD. Treatment of GA (15 and 30 mg/kg/ day) suppressed the body weight gain (p < 0.001) and ameliorated lipid deposition (p < 0.001) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice. GA was able to alleviate HFD-induced insulin resistance (p < 0.001), oxidative stress (p < 0.001), and inflammation (p < 0.001), thereby restoring the liver function in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. Mechanistically, GA diminished the aberrant signaling pathways including AMPK/SREBP/ACC, IRs-1/Akt, IKK/IκB/NF-κB in HFD-induced NAFLD mice and modified gut microbiota dysbiosis in these mice as well. The current findings suggest that GA is a promising novel agent for NAFLD therapy.

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Polyphenol and Tannin Nutraceuticals and Their Metabolites: How the Human Gut Microbiota Influences Their Properties

Cited by 25 publications

References 143 publications

Elucidation of Natural Components of Gardenia thunbergia Thunb. Leaves: Effect of Methanol Extract and Rutin on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Elucidation of Natural Components of Gardenia thunbergia Thunb. Leaves: Effect of Methanol Extract and Rutin on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Enhancement of Yield, Phytochemical Content and Biological Activity of a Leafy Vegetable (Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla) by Using Organic Amendments as an Alternative to Chemical Fertilizer

Gallotannin Isolated from Pericarp of Water Caltrop Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

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