Polyparasitism and zoonotic parasites in dogs from a rural area of the Argentine Chaco

Enriquez, Gustavo Fabián; Macchiaverna, Natalia Paula; Argibay, Hernán Darío; Arias, Ludmila Sol López; Farber, Marisa Diana; Gürtler, Ricardo E.; Cardinal, Marta Victoria; Garbossa, Graciela

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100287

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Co-occurrence of Blastocystis with Entamoeba, Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Eimeria in multiple animal species across the two parks was also examined. Most previous studies have either looked for multiple parasites from single animal species or have targeted one microbial eukaryote in various hosts (Fayer et al, 2012;Parsons et al, 2015;Enriquez et al, 2016Enriquez et al, , 2019Jacob et al, 2016). Herein, Blastocystis did not co-occur with other protists in any of the carnivores, even though we did observe co-occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria in gray and Iberian wolves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Herein, we sampled and detected gut protists before presentation of symptoms, though the possibility that some of the animals might have had symptoms before they were brought into the parks cannot be excluded. Asymptomatic carriage of a single or multiple protists in animals is not uncommon and the concern of zoonotic transmission has often been articulated (Fayer et al, 2012;Cian et al, 2017;Desoubeaux et al, 2018;Udonsom et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018a;Enriquez et al, 2019). In case of zoonosis, detecting the reservoir is difficult as there is no reason to check the original host for presence of pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Micro-Eukaryotic Diversity in the Gut: Co-occurrence of Blastocystis Subtypes and Other Protists in Zoo Animals

2020

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Blastocystis is a genetically diverse microbial eukaryote thriving in the gut of humans and other animals. While Blastocystis has been linked with gastrointestinal disorders, its pathogenicity remains controversial. Previous reports have suggested that one out of six humans could be carrying Blastocystis in their gut, while the numbers could be even higher in animals. Most studies on Blastocystis are either exclusively targeting the organism itself and/or the associated prokaryotic microbiome, while cooccurrence of other microbial eukaryotes has been mainly ignored. Herein, we aimed to explore presence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis along with the commonly occurring eukaryotes Cryptosporidium, Eimeria, Entamoeba and Giardia in the gut of asymptomatic animals from two conservation parks in the United Kingdom. Building upon a previous study, a total of 231 fecal samples were collected from 38 vertebrates, which included 12 carnivorous and 26 non-carnivorous species. None of the animals examined herein showed gastrointestinal symptoms. The barcoding region of the small subunit ribosomal RNA was used for subtyping of Blastocystis. Overall, 47% of animal species were positive for Blastocystis. Twenty six percent of samples carried more than one subtypes, including the newly identified hosts Scottish wildcat, bongo and lynx. Fifty three percent of samples carried at least another microbial eukaryote. Herewith, we discuss potential implications of these findings and the increasingly blurred definition of microbial parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Micro-Eukaryotic Diversity in the Gut: Co-occurrence of Blastocystis Subtypes and Other Protists in Zoo Animals

2020

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“…A recent study in Argentina, assessing different infectious diseases among dogs from a rural area in the humid Chaco, found 7.9% of them prevalent for ehrlichiosis. They suggest that their ndings likely re ect structural poverty, poor sanitation and lack of a safe water supply [44]. In another study, from Brazil, but in carthorses from low-income owners, authors found that 27.4% were positive for Ehrlichia exposure [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Seroprevalence Canine Survey for Selected Vector-Borne Pathogens of and Its Relationship with Poverty in Metropolitan Pereira, Colombia, 2020

Bonilla-Aldana

Gutiérrez-Grajales

Martínez-Arboleda

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Tick-borne diseases (TBD) and dirofilariasis are currently not under surveillance in most Latin American countries, and there is a significant lack of studies describing the current situation in most endemic areas, including Colombia. Seroprevalence studies are crucial for understanding the epidemiology of these vector-borne diseases.Methods: A serosurvey for TBD and dirofilariasis amongst 100 dogs was carried out in the municipality of Pereira, located in the Coffee-Triangle region, Colombia. Samples were tested using a rapid assay test system (SNAP® 4Dx®); based on an enzyme immunoassay technique‚ screening for antibodies to Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys (sensitivity 99.1%)‚ Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (98.8%), and Ehrlichia canis/ewingii (96.2%) by using specific antigens, and checking for Dirofilaria immitis antigen based on specific antibodies (99.2%). Bivariate analyses were performed on Stata®14, significant p<0.05. Results: Global seroprevalence to the selected vector-borne pathogens was 74% (95%CI 65-83%). The highest seroprevalence was found for Ehrlichia canis/ewingii (74%), followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys (16%). Seropositivity for Borrelia spp. and Dirofilaria spp. was 0%. All Anaplasma spp. seropositive dogs showed co-detection of Ehrlichia spp. (16%). Seroprevalence was significantly higher among dogs from families of lower socioeconomic status / level (I, 86%), followed by level II (74%), and III (36%) (p=0.001); no seropositive dogs were found in for levels IV and V (higher socioeconomic status). All dogs exhibiting anorexia (12%) were invariably seropositive (100%) (p=0.029). Seroprevalence was higher amongst those showing mucocutaneous paleness (95%) compared to those without paleness (68%) (p=0.013) (OR=9.3; 95%CI 1.18-72.9). There was high variability in seroprevalence through the studied areas, ranging from 0% (La Libertad Park) up to Combia, Cesar Nader, Las Brisas and Saturno localities (100%) (p=0.033). Conclusions: Given the high seroprevalence obtained in an area with documented presence of ticks, there is a potential risk for zoonotic transmission to humans. Further seroprevalence studies in humans are needed to assess the prevalence of infections. Poverty is highly associated with these tick-borne pathogens in Pereira, as shown in the present study.

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“…High anti-T. gondii antibody frequencies have been reported in domestic dogs and cats from Cuba, Mexico, Panama, Iran, Argentina, Portugal, Australia, Colombia, and Chile [1,10,26,30,44,57,58,63,83,86]. In Brazil, the frequency of T. gondii infection in Brazilian pet animal populations can vary from 9 to 70% in dogs and from 0 to 71% in cats [5,9,35,47,50,68,81].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii in domiciled dogs and cats in urban areas of Brazil: risk factors and spatial distribution

et al. 2021

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Toxoplasma gondii is a highly prevalent zoonotic parasite in Brazil capable of infecting mammals and birds. The increase in the urban populations of pets and the narrowing of the human–animal relationship can facilitate the transmission of important public health zoonoses, such as toxoplasmosis. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and spatial distribution of T. gondii infection and its risk factors in domiciled dogs and cats attended at the Jorge Vaitsman Institute, Rio de Janeiro. Serum samples from 400 dogs and 272 cats were evaluated by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies. Epidemiological questionnaires were used to interview the animals’ owners to identify risk factors for infection. Of the total, 34% (136/400) of dogs and 8.1% (22/272) of cats had anti-T. gondii antibodies. Breed (OR: 2.10–95%, CI 1.27–3.46) was a risk factor for dogs, while sex (OR: 3.40–95%, CI 1.10–10.52) and homemade food consumption (OR: 8.49–95%, CI 2.48–29.05) were risk factors for cats. Offal consumption was considered a risk factor for both species evaluated (OR: 2.74–95%, CI 1.38–5.43 for dogs; OR: 7.66–95%, CI 1.24–47.29 for cats). The spatial analysis showed that T. gondii seropositive animals were widely distributed in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro state, with a concentration observed mainly in the west and north zones of Rio de Janeiro city. The results emphasize the importance of adopting prophylactic measures to control T. gondii transmission in domiciled dogs and cats in Rio de Janeiro, contributing positively to public health.

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Polyparasitism and zoonotic parasites in dogs from a rural area of the Argentine Chaco

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Exploring Micro-Eukaryotic Diversity in the Gut: Co-occurrence of Blastocystis Subtypes and Other Protists in Zoo Animals

Exploring Micro-Eukaryotic Diversity in the Gut: Co-occurrence of Blastocystis Subtypes and Other Protists in Zoo Animals

Seroprevalence Canine Survey for Selected Vector-Borne Pathogens of and Its Relationship with Poverty in Metropolitan Pereira, Colombia, 2020

Toxoplasma gondii in domiciled dogs and cats in urban areas of Brazil: risk factors and spatial distribution

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