Polymorphism in Leptin and Leptin Receptor Genes May Modify Leptin Levels and Represent Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

Our study implicates a significant role of LEP and LEPR polymorphisms and also leptin levels in the risk of MS and its severity. Furthermore, our findings suggest LEP and LEPR polymorphisms as important predictors for increased serum leptin in Iranian MS patients. Although this study provides new clinically relevant information regarding genetic determinants modulating risk of MS, further investigations are necessary to understand better the mechanistic implications of these observations in the development of MS.

Association of leptin and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese population

“…Previous studies have also evaluated the role of LEP and LEPR genes in multiple autoimmune diseases; however, the results are controversial . A recent study demonstrated that the genotype and allele frequencies of the LEP rs2167270 gene polymorphism had no association with the risk of RA .…”

“…However, Farrokhi et al . revealed a significant role of LEP G‐2548‐A and LEPR Q223R polymorphisms in the risk of multiple sclerosis and its severity . Furthermore, two recent studies showed that genetic polymorphisms of the leptin gene might influence lung function via Notch and JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway .…”

Acute responses of cytokines and adipokines to aerobic exercise in relapsing vs. remitting women with multiple sclerosis

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss of the central nervous system (CNS) [1][2][3][4][5]. MS can be subdivided into four clinical courses: relapsingremitting (RRMS), primary progressive (PPMS), secondary progressive (SPMS), and progressive relapsing (PRMS) [6].…”

“…RRMS is characterized by relapsing phases in which new or exacerbating symptoms appear [4]. The underlying pathways that activating this relapsing phase are unclear [2,3,8]. Cytokines and their related pathways are considered to be major regulators of the immune system [9,10] which may be important in the evolution of MS lesions and disease activity [9].…”

Effects of exercise training on cytokines and adipokines in multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review

“…For instance, leptin (as one adipokine) is involved in neurodegenerative and inflammatory processes associated with MS (Rotondi et al, 2013). Previously, studies have verified the role of adipokines on body energy balance and regulation of food intake and body weight, and the important role of leptin in the immunological function via regulation of Th1/Th2 balance are well known (Farrokhi et al, 2016). Cytokines and adipokines closely interact with each other in the immune pathophysiology of MS, and this underscores the importance of monitoring both cytokines and adipokines especially in the immune system of MS.…”