Polymorphism and evolution in the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Danainae)

Smith, David A. S.; Owen, D. F.; Gordon, I.; Owiny, Agoroachai M

doi:10.1038/hdy.1993.132

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…In the case of the A. alcinous (female)-E. hainesii (both sexes) co-mimicking association, the chemistry of the latter is still unclear, although the moth is suspected to be a Müllerian mimic as mentioned above. The root cause triggering female-limited wing pattern dimorphism in A. alcinous may be attributed to an escape from an overload of potential Batesian mimics, similar to the case of polymorphism in D. chrysippus in Africa under the high population density of palatable Hypolimnas (Smith et al 1993). Several Rutaceae-feeding black swallowtails such as Papilio macilentus and P. protenor (females of the former are highly mimetic to A. alcinous males) often share the same microhabitat spatiotemporally in the middle part of Japan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Ecology of Poisonous Butterflies: Model or Mimic? A Paradox of Sexual Dimorphisms in Müllerian Mimicry

Nishida

2017

Diversity and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns

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A number of butterfly species are toxic or unpalatable against predators by developing mechanisms either to biosynthesize such noxious elements de novo or to acquire directly from the poisonous host plants for their own defense. Most of these "poisonous butterflies" exhibit aposematically colored wing patterns that are often associated either with Batesian or Müllerian mimicry species to form a "mimicry ring." This review focuses on unpalatable chemical elements potentially operating in three typical mimicry rings: (1) the tiger Danaus mimicry ring, (2) the Idea mimicry ring, and (3) the red-bodied swallowtail mimicry ring, in association with their mimetic wing patterns. Female-limited polymorphisms are a common feature of the Batesian mimicry but not in Müllerian mimicry, because such diversification is unfavorable for the models. I present here some unique cases of sexual dimorphisms within the putative Müllerian mimicry complexes. A Danaus chrysippus-mimicking nymphalid, Argyreus hyperbius, is a typical example of the female-limited dimorphic mimics. However, A. hyperbius were found to be poisonous with toxic cyanogenic glycosides (linamarin and lotaustralin). Likewise, a pipevine swallowtail, Atrophaneura alcinous, which sequesters toxic aristolochic acids, exhibits sexually dimorphic color patterns (male, black; female, smoky brown). A sympatric diurnal zygaenid moth, Histia flabellicornis, is mimetic to A. alcinous males rather than the females and stores cyanogenic glycosides. The moth is regarded as a Müllerian ally that may have stabilized the wing coloration mutually with those of A. alcinous males. On the contrary, a diurnal "swallowtail moth," Epicopeia hainesii, mimics the brighter wing color of A. alcinous females. Possible adaptation mechanisms on these paradoxical mimicry patterns are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Ecology of Poisonous Butterflies: Model or Mimic? A Paradox of Sexual Dimorphisms in Müllerian Mimicry

Nishida

2017

Diversity and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns

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“…Similar HE at the A locus is apparent in the Kampala sample that was collected over a period of 2 weeks . These data show that in heavily female-biased populations (Owen and Chanter, 1968;Smith et al, 1993Smith et al, , 1998Jiggins et al, 2000), the excess of A locus heterozygotes may be confined to females ( Table 8) that must be predominantly the offspring of mothers infected with Spiroplasma. Thus, if hybridism is effectively confined to one sex, HE is an evolutionary culde-sac that may impede but will not prevent the evolution of sexual isolation.…”

Section: Hardy-weinberg Equilibria (Hwe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in field samples, females predominated among chrysippus, whereas the SR in dorippus was close to 1 : 1. We have drawn attention to heterogeneous SRs within 'morphs' (Bsubspecies) throughout the hybrid zone (Smith, 1980;Smith et al, 1993Smith et al, , 1998 and these findings suggest that subspecies may vary in their susceptibility to invasion by Spiroplasma and/or unexplored differences in ecology, behaviour or genetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incomplete sexual isolation in sympatry between subspecies of the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) and the creation of a hybrid zone

et al. 2003

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Subspecies chrysippus, dorippus and alcippus of the butterfly Danaus chrysippus differ at three biallelic colour gene loci. They have partially vicariant distributions, but their ranges overlap over a substantial part of central and East Africa, where hybridism is commonplace. We now report that the West African subspecies alcippus differs from other subspecies, not only in nuclear genotype but also in mitochondrial haplotype in both allopatry and sympatry. The maintenance of concordant nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic differences in sympatry, and in the face of hybridisation, is prima facie evidence for sexual isolation. Other evidence that suggests alcippus may be isolated from chrysippus and dorippus include differences in sex ratio (SR), heterozygote deficiency at one site and deduced differences in patterns of migration. We suggest that, within the hybrid zone, differential infection of subspecies by a male-killing Spiroplasma bacterium causes SR differences that restrict female choice, triggering rounds of heterotypic mating and consequent heterozygote excess that is largely confined to females. The absence of these phenomena from hybrid populations that test negative for Spiroplasma supports the hypothesis. The incomplete sexual isolation and partial vicariance of alcippus suggests that it is a nascent species.

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“…The coexistence of the unisexual hybrid females with sexual females of the pure host species can be regarded as a balanced polymorphism, where trade-offs and selective advantages over evolutionary times guarantee that both forms are present in constant proportions (Smith et al 1993;Schlupp et al 1994;Losey et al 1997). Hybrid unisexuals have evolved behavioural adaptations and chemical cues to seduce host males and enforce copulations.…”

Section: Interspecific Hybridization Leading To the Origin Of The Amamentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and evolution of a unisexual hybrid:Poecilia formosa

Lampert

Schartl

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Clonal reproduction in vertebrates can always be traced back to hybridization events as all known unisexual vertebrates are hybrids between recognized species or genetically defined races. Interestingly, clonal vertebrates often also rely on interspecific matings for their reproduction because gynogenesis (sperm-dependent parthenogenesis) and hybridogenesis are common modes of propagation. While in most cases these hybridization events leave no hereditary traces in the offspring, occasionally the genome exclusion mechanism fails and either small parts of male genetic material remain inside the oocyte in the form of microchromosomes, or fusion of the sperm nucleus with the oocyte nucleus leads to polyploid individuals. In this review, we highlight the important role of hybridization for the origin and evolution of a unisexual hybrid: the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa.

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Polymorphism and evolution in the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Danainae)

Cited by 36 publications

References 20 publications

Chemical Ecology of Poisonous Butterflies: Model or Mimic? A Paradox of Sexual Dimorphisms in Müllerian Mimicry

Chemical Ecology of Poisonous Butterflies: Model or Mimic? A Paradox of Sexual Dimorphisms in Müllerian Mimicry

Incomplete sexual isolation in sympatry between subspecies of the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) and the creation of a hybrid zone

The origin and evolution of a unisexual hybrid:Poecilia formosa

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