Incomplete sexual isolation in sympatry between subspecies of the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) and the creation of a hybrid zone

Lushai, Gugs; Smith, David A. S.; Gordon, I.; Goulson, Dave; Allen, J. A.; Maclean, Norman

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800219

Cited by 26 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Danaus chrysippus covers an extensive geographic range in Southeast Asia and extends as the only member of the genus (with mostly Australasian and some Neotropical distribution) into Africa where it forms several subspecies. Phylogenetic analysis (Lushai et al. 2003, 2005) showed that the African subspecies are derived from within the Asian lineages and therefore are substantially younger than the above estimate for the separation of the D. chrysippus and D. gilippus lineages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

A phylogenetic framework for wing pattern evolution in the mimetic Mocker Swallowtail Papilio dardanus

Clark

Vogler

2009

Molecular Ecology

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The Batesian mimetic swallowtail butterfly Papilio dardanus exhibits numerous distinct wing colour morphs whose evolutionary origins require large phenotypic shifts. A phylogenetic framework to study the history of these morphs was established by DNA sequencing of representative subspecies from sub-Saharan Africa and Indian Ocean islands. Two mitochondrial genes and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer marker revealed deeply separated eastern and western African mainland lineages, plus one lineage each on Madagascar and Grande Comore. These markers showed very little polymorphism within lineages. In contrast, markers genetically linked to the mimicry locus H, including the transcription factor invected and two adjacent amplified fragment length polymorphisms-derived sequences, showed high nucleotide diversity but were not geographically structured. Variation in the unlinked wingless gene showed a similar pattern, rejecting the hypothesis that high level of variation in the H region is due to balancing selection exerted by the phenotypes. The separation from a common ancestor with Papilio phorcas estimated at 2.9 Ma coincides with the origin of a mimicry model, Danaus chrysippus. However, the model reached Africa only at the time of the internal splits of P. dardanus mtDNA groups, here estimated at 0.55-0.94 Ma. The nuclear genome shows less geographic structure and may not track recent population differentiation, suggesting that widespread mimicry morphs have arisen early in the evolution of the P. dardanus lineage, although after the male-female dimorphism which is ancestral. The current wide distribution of P. dardanus and population subdivision evident from mtDNA may have been achieved only with the spread of the models across Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

A phylogenetic framework for wing pattern evolution in the mimetic Mocker Swallowtail Papilio dardanus

Clark

Vogler

2009

Molecular Ecology

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“… 1 Sequence(s) used for phylogenetic analysis are represented by vouchers deposited in the OUMNH; GenBank numbers are given in Lushai et al . (2003a, b, c, 2005b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A classification of Danaus butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based upon data from morphology and DNA

Smith¹,

Lushai²,

Allen³

2005

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Classification of the cosmopolitan butterfly genus Danaus (Nymphalidae: Danainae) is revised at subgeneric, specific and subspecific levels, combining for the first time mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence information with morphological data. Tree topologies based on the nuclear genome (allozymes, pheromone components, the morphology of all life history stages and nuclear DNA sequences), on the one hand, and mitochondrial DNA, on the other, are incongruent and challenge the current taxonomy of the genus. Although earlier classifications, based on adult morphology alone, are, in general, well supported by an analysis of total evidence, the mitochondrial phylogeny shows that the species D. chrysippus and its subgenus Anosia are deeply paraphyletic. Subspecies dorippus of D. chrysippus is the basal clade of the genus and is reinstated as the species D. dorippus . The former species D. plexaure is demoted to a subspecies of D. eresimus . The specific status of D. erippus , as distinct from D. plexippus , is tentatively supported. On the strength of the new data, division of the monophyletic genus Danaus s . l. into three subgenera Danaus s . s ., Salatura and Anosia is unsustainable and is abandoned. Of the 15 terminal clades (taxa) of Danaus s.l. included in the study, 11 are species that broadly conform to the biological species concept. (The West Indian species D. cleophile , missing from our analysis, is the twelfth species). The remaining terminal clades are subspecies of D. chrysippus comb. nov. and D. dorippus stat. rev. Two sympatric Neotropical species, D. eresimus and D. gilippus , are morphologically distinct and sexually isolated but have nearly identical mitochondrial genomes. In contrast, two partially sympatric Palaeotropical species, D. chrysippus and D. dorippus , are cryptic species that share structural morphology and hybridize but have highly differentiated mitochondrial genomes. D. dorippus is polymorphic for two anciently diverged haplotypes and its history has possibly involved recombinational speciation and/or hybridism.

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“…Barton & Hewitt, 1985; Hewitt, 1988, 1999; Schilthuizen & Lombaerts, 1995; Arntzen, 2001; Capula, 2002) and also in Lepidoptera (Aagaard et al. , 2002; Scriber, 2002; Lushai et al. , 2003; Salazar et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation and natural hybridization between the Sardinian endemicManiola nuragand the EuropeanManiola jurtina

Grill

Raijmann

Ginkel

et al. 2007

J of Evolutionary Biology

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The Mediterranean island of Sardinia is known for its multitude of unique genetic lineages. We view one of them in a larger phylogeographic context. The endemic Sardinian Meadow Brown butterfly, Maniola nurag, is restricted to the mountainous areas of the island, whereas its widespread close relative, Maniola jurtina, also occurs on the coast. At intermediate altitudes the species’ distributions overlap. There, a number of individuals exhibit phenotypic characteristics intermediate between the two species. We examined patterns of intra‐ and interpopulation variation in 10 M. nurag populations from Sardinia and 16 M. jurtina populations from Sardinia and continental Europe, as well as 17 intermediate individuals, sampled in 1999–2002, by means of allozyme markers, combining it with a morphometric analysis based on 18 wing‐characters of 52 males. At the 15 loci studied (aldolase, aat‐1, aat‐2, g6pdh, gpd, idh‐1, idh‐2, mdh‐1, mdh‐2, mpi, me, leu‐ala, pgi, pgm, and 6pgdh), 76 different alleles were detected, 63 of which were shared by M. nurag and M. jurtina. None of the loci was found to be alternatively fixed between the two species. In that respect, this study testifies to the difficulties that may arise when trying to identify hybrids from genotypic data. Levels of genetic variation in island populations (M. jurtina: HO = 0.137–0.189; M. nurag: HO = 0.141–0.270) were comparable to those of mainland M. jurtina (HO = 0.141–0.236). A Bayesian admixture analysis supported the hypothesis of mixed (hybrid) ancestry of individuals occurring at intermediate altitudes. Similarly, neighbour‐joining and unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) analyses, as well as morphometrics hinted at the existence of a Maniola‐hybrid zone in Sardinia at intermediate altitudes. We discuss the results in the light of the phylogeography of other Sardinian taxa with the aim to reach a general understanding of the biogeographic history of this island's endemic species.

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Incomplete sexual isolation in sympatry between subspecies of the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) and the creation of a hybrid zone

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

A phylogenetic framework for wing pattern evolution in the mimetic Mocker Swallowtail Papilio dardanus

A phylogenetic framework for wing pattern evolution in the mimetic Mocker Swallowtail Papilio dardanus

A classification of Danaus butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based upon data from morphology and DNA

Genetic differentiation and natural hybridization between the Sardinian endemicManiola nuragand the EuropeanManiola jurtina

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