Polymorphic patterns of pfcrt and pfmdr1 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates along the Thai-Myanmar border

Muhamad, Phunuch; Chai่jaroenkul, Wanna; Phompradit, Papichaya; Rueangweerayut, Ronnatrai; Tippawangkosol, Pongsri; Na‐Bangchang, Kesara

doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60181-1

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For the Asian countries surrounding Indonesia, the reported prevalence rates are similar to those in western Indonesia or Sulawesi, as well as cases from the most southern part of Thailand (96.3%; p = 0.018, compared with our results). However, the reported prevalence rates in Peninsular Malaysia (5.3%, p = 0.000), Cambodia (2.15%, p = 0.000), western Thailand (3.1%, p = 0.000), and the upper southern part of Thailand (36.4%, p = 0.000) differed from ours [19, 33–36]. Other studies have described almost equal prevalence rates for pfmdr1 86Y in African countries such as Kenya (81.6%, p = 0.545) or even lower prevalence in Benin (57.1%, p = 0.000), Malawi (22.7%, p = 0.000), and Senegal (14.9%, p = 0.000) [13, 14, 30, 37].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 83%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genetic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance genes, pfcrt and pfmdr1, in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundMalaria still poses one of the major threats to human health. Development of effective antimalarial drugs has decreased this threat; however, the emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, a cause of Malaria, is disconcerting. The antimalarial drug chloroquine has been effectively used, but resistant parasites have spread worldwide. Interestingly, the withdrawal of the drug reportedly leads to an increased population of susceptible parasites in some cases. We examined the prevalence of genomic polymorphisms in a malaria parasite P. falciparum, associated with resistance to an antimalarial drug chloroquine, after the withdrawal of the drug from Indonesia.ResultsBlood samples were collected from 95 malaria patients in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, in 2010. Parasite DNA was extracted and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) for pfcrt and pfmdr1. In parallel, multiplex amplicon sequencing for the same genes was carried out with Illumina MiSeq. Of the 59 cases diagnosed as P. falciparum infection by microscopy, PCR–RFLP analysis clearly identified the genotype 76T in pfcrt in 44 cases. Sequencing analysis validated the identified genotypes in the 44 cases and demonstrated that the haplotype in the surrounding genomic region was exclusively SVMNT. Results of pfmdr1 were successfully obtained for 51 samples, where the genotyping results obtained by the two methods were completely consistent. In pfmdr1, the 86Y mutant genotype was observed in 45 cases (88.2%).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the prevalence of the mutated genotypes remained dominant even 6 years after the withdrawal of chloroquine from this region. Diversified haplotype of the resistance-related locus, potentially involved in fitness costs, unauthorized usage of chloroquine, and/or a short post-withdrawal period may account for the observed high persistence of prevalence.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2468-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…Similar observations have been reported from other African countries [12, 14]. However, 76T remains highly prevalent in Brazil [18], the Thai–Myanmar border [19], and Pakistan [20]. …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Genetic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance genes, pfcrt and pfmdr1, in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our study did not characterize the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the Pfmdr1 gene because these relevant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are rare in Thailand [ 27 ] and mefloquine resistance is driven by copy number changes on a Pfmdr1 wild-type background [ 4 , 28 – 30 ]. Isolates carrying wild-type K13 were associated with single-copy Pfmdr1 , while K13 mutations were associated with amplified Pfmdr1 (Fisher exact test, P < .001) ( Supplementary Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Declining Efficacy of Artemisinin Combination Therapy AgainstP. FalciparumMalaria on the Thai–Myanmar Border (2003–2013): The Role of Parasite Genetic Factors

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite the fact that China has not used CQ to treat P. falciparum infections for more than 30 years, the stable and high prevalence of this mutation may be a result of the continued use of CQ as a first-line drug for P. vivax infection over several decades. Another factor that may contribute to the high prevalence of pfcrt K76T is the use of CQ as a first-line drug for P. vivax infection for several decades in Myanmar, especially in the Myanmar-Thailand border area, where a high prevalence of pfcrt K76T was found, thus suggesting that the natural selection against CQ pressure for the maintenance of the pfcrt mutation in P. falciparum is still retained in the region (36,37). However, we also found three other haplotypes (I 74 N 75 K 76 , M 74 E 75 K 76 , and M 74 E 75 T 76 ) in our study, suggesting that selection of other pfcrt haplotypes was still needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplification of pfmdr1 , pfcrt , pvmdr1 , and K13 Propeller Polymorphisms Associated with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Isolates from the China-Myanmar Border

Feng

Zhou

Lin

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

bMalaria in the China-Myanmar border region is still severe; local transmission of both falciparum and vivax malaria persists, and there is a risk of geographically expanding antimalarial resistance. In this research, the pfmdr1, pfcrt, pvmdr1, and K13-propeller genotypes were determined in 26 Plasmodium falciparum and 64 Plasmodium vivax isolates from Yingjiang county of Yunnan province. The pfmdr1 (11.5%), pfcrt (34.6%), and pvmdr1 (3.1%) mutations were prevalent at the China-Myanmar border. The indigenous samples exhibited prevalences of 14.3%, 28.6%, and 14.3% for pfmdr1 N86Y, pfcrt K76T, and pfcrt M74I, respectively, whereas the samples from Myanmar showed prevalences of 10.5%, 21.1%, and 5.3%, respectively. The most prevalent genotypes of pfmdr1 and pfcrt were Y 86 Y 184 and M 74 N 75 T 76 , respectively. No pvmdr1 mutation occurred in the indigenous samples but was observed in two cases coming from Myanmar. In addition, we are the first to report on 10 patients (38.5%) with five different K13 point mutations. The F446I allele is predominant (19.2%), and its prevalence was 28.6% in the indigenous samples of Yingjiang county and 15.8% in samples from Myanmar. The present data might be helpful for enrichment of the molecular surveillance of antimalarial resistance and useful for developing and updating guidance for the use of antimalarials in this region. Malaria is a serious public health problem in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), which includes Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Yunnan province of China (1). Within this region, malaria transmission is particularly intense in international border areas. The malaria prevalence along the China-Myanmar border is particularly high, and malaria outbreaks have occurred frequently (2). In 2010, China initiated the National Malaria Elimination Action Plan, which aims to eliminate local malaria transmission nationwide by 2015 with the exception of the border region in Yunnan province and to completely eliminate malaria from China by 2020 (3). Despite a great reduction in the number of local malaria cases recently, both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections persist in the counties at the China-Myanmar border.Effective chemotherapy is essential for malaria control, but the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. falciparum strains have led to the adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the GMS. However, the confirmed emergence of artemisinin resistance in western Cambodia is a major threat for malaria control and elimination (4). Artemisinin resistance has since spread or emerged independently or both in other areas of mainland Southeast Asia (5). Because this area has been the origin of both chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance (6, 7), the consequences of a similar spread of artemisinin resistance will be catastrophic. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) is coordinating a largescale elimination campa...

show abstract

Polymorphic patterns of pfcrt and pfmdr1 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates along the Thai-Myanmar border

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Genetic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance genes, pfcrt and pfmdr1, in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Genetic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance genes, pfcrt and pfmdr1, in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Declining Efficacy of Artemisinin Combination Therapy AgainstP. FalciparumMalaria on the Thai–Myanmar Border (2003–2013): The Role of Parasite Genetic Factors

Amplification of pfmdr1 , pfcrt , pvmdr1 , and K13 Propeller Polymorphisms Associated with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Isolates from the China-Myanmar Border

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About