Polymorphic color vision in captive Uta Hick's <i>cuxiús</i>, or bearded sakis (<i>Chiropotes utahickae</i>)

Lima, Eldianne Moreira de; Pessoa, Daniel Marques Almeida; Sena, Leonardo; Melo, Aline Grasielle Costa de; Castro, Paulo Henrique Gomes de; Oliveira-Mendes, Ana Cristina; Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz; Pessoa, Valdir Filgueiras

doi:10.1002/ajp.22311

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The three 'novel' alleles we identified in Indri and some species of Propithecus (AFA, SFT and SYT) have not been described among strepsirrhines, but they have been identified in diurnal haplorhines [2 -5,23,24]. AFA and SYT occur among routinely trichromatic catarrhines and platyrrhine howling monkeys as two separate X-linked opsin gene variants, and are common allelic variants among polymorphic platyrrhines [2][3][4][5]23,24]. SFT is more rare, having only been documented in New World atelids, Cacajao and Cebus [5,23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although all three primary sites (180, 277, 285) are variable in polymorphic New World monkeys, variation in lemurs has only been documented in site 285 leading to two alleles: alanine 180, tyrosine 277, alanine 285 (AYA), and alanine 180, tyrosine 277, threonine 285 (AYT), which encode opsins with peak spectral sensitivities (l max ) approximately 543 nm ('M') and approximately 558 nm ('L'), respectively [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. We sequenced exons 3 and 5 to capture the three key functional sites in the X-linked opsin gene of indriids (electronic supplementary material).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel opsin gene variation in large-bodied, diurnal lemurs

et al. 2017

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Some primate populations include both trichromatic and dichromatic (redgreen colour blind) individuals due to allelic variation at the X-linked opsin locus. This polymorphic trichromacy is well described in day-active New World monkeys. Less is known about colour vision in Malagasy lemurs, but, unlike New World monkeys, only some day-active lemurs are polymorphic, while others are dichromatic. The evolutionary pressures underlying these differences in lemurs are unknown, but aspects of species ecology, including variation in activity pattern, are hypothesized to play a role. Limited data on X-linked opsin variation in lemurs make such hypotheses difficult to evaluate. We provide the first detailed examination of X-linked opsin variation across a lemur clade (Indriidae). We sequenced the X-linked opsin in the most strictly diurnal and largest extant lemur, Indri indri, and nine species of smaller, generally diurnal indriids (Propithecus). Although nocturnal Avahi (sister taxon to Propithecus) lacks a polymorphism, at least eight species of diurnal indriids have two or more X-linked opsin alleles. Four rainforest-living taxa-I. indri and the three largest Propithecus species-have alleles not previously documented in lemurs. Moreover, we identified at least three opsin alleles in Indri with peak spectral sensitivities similar to some New World monkeys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel opsin gene variation in large-bodied, diurnal lemurs

et al. 2017

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“…However, it is known that Chiropotes form fission-fusion groups with highly affiliative behaviour, and males are more gregarious and tolerant towards juveniles than females 30 , 31 . One Chiropotes species ( Chiropotes utahickae ) was investigated with regards to its colour vision and three M/L opsin alleles were found, also possessing a colour vision similar to other New World primates 32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium/Long wavelength sensitive opsin diversity in Pitheciidae

Goulart

Boubli

Young

2017

Sci Rep

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New World primates feature a complex colour vision system. Most species have polymorphic colour vision where males have a dichromatic colour perception and females can be either dichromatic or trichromatic. The adaptive value of high allelic diversity of opsins, a light sensitive protein, found in primates’ eyes remains unknown. Studies revealing the allelic diversity are important as they shed light on our understanding of the adaptive value of differences in the colouration of species and their ecologies. Here we investigate the allelic types found in Pitheciidae, an understudied New World primate family, revealing the diversity of medium/long wavelength sensitive opsins both in cryptic and conspicuous species of this primate family. We found five alleles in Cacajao, six in Callicebinae (i.e. Plecturocebus, Cheracebus, and Callicebus), four in Chiropotes, and three in Pithecia, some of them reported for the first time. Both cryptic and conspicuous species in this group presented high allelic diversity.

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“…This leads to heterozygous females being trichromats, whereas homozygous females and hemizygous males are dichromats [5,7]. Almost all NWM genera studied to date have a polymorphic system, including callithrichids such as marmosets (Callithrix), cebids such as capuchin monkeys (Cebus, Sapajus), atelids such as spider (Ateles) and woolly (Lagothrix) monkeys, and pitheciids such as titi (Callicebus), saki (Pithecia) and bearded saki (Chiropotes) monkeys [8,9]. The two exceptions are the nocturnal owl monkeys (Aotus), which are monochromatic, and the howler monkeys (Alouatta), in which all males and females are trichomatic (routine trichromacy) [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly polymorphic colour vision in a New World monkey with red facial skin, the bald uakari (Cacajao calvus)

et al. 2016

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Colour vision is highly variable in New World monkeys (NWMs). Evidence for the adaptive basis of colour vision in this group has largely centred on environmental features such as foraging benefits for differently coloured foods or predator detection, whereas selection on colour vision for sociosexual communication is an alternative hypothesis that has received little attention. The colour vision of uakaris (Cacajao) is of particular interest because these monkeys have the most dramatic red facial skin of any primate, as well as a unique fission/fusion social system and a specialist diet of seeds. Here, we investigate colour vision in a wild population of the bald uakari, C. calvus, by genotyping the X-linked opsin locus. We document the presence of a polymorphic colour vision system with an unprecedented number of functional alleles (six), including a novel allele with a predicted maximum spectral sensitivity of 555 nm. This supports the presence of strong balancing selection on different alleles at this locus. We consider different hypotheses to explain this selection. One possibility is that trichromacy functions in sexual selection, enabling females to choose high-quality males on the basis of red facial coloration. In support of this, there is some evidence that health affects facial coloration in uakaris, as well as a high prevalence of blood-borne parasitism in wild uakari populations. Alternatively, the low proportion of heterozygous female trichromats in the population may indicate selection on different dichromatic phenotypes, which might be related to cryptic food coloration. We have uncovered unexpected diversity in the last major lineage of NWMs to be assayed for colour vision, which will provide an interesting system to dissect adaptation of polymorphic trichromacy.

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Polymorphic color vision in captive Uta Hick's cuxiús, or bearded sakis (Chiropotes utahickae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 68 publications

Novel opsin gene variation in large-bodied, diurnal lemurs

Novel opsin gene variation in large-bodied, diurnal lemurs

Medium/Long wavelength sensitive opsin diversity in Pitheciidae

Highly polymorphic colour vision in a New World monkey with red facial skin, the bald uakari (Cacajao calvus)

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