Polymicrobial bloodstream infections involving Candida species: analysis of patients and review of the literature

Klotz, Stephen A.; Chasin, Brian S.; Powell, Barbara J.; Gaur, Nand K.; Lipke, Peter N.

doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.07.001

Cited by 219 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…BFIs also contribute to the increasing number of nosocomial (hospitalacquired) infections; for example, Curvale-Fauchet et al (86) reported that a high proportion of hospital intravascular catheters were simultaneously colonized by the pathogenic lipophilic yeast Malassezia and bacteria, including staphylococci. These mixed biofilms, which have also been evidenced with C. albicans (195,289), can be more resistant to antibiotic treatments; for example, the presence of Staphylococcus epidermidis was shown to delay the diffusion of antifungal drugs in mixed Candida-Staphylococcus biofilms (6). Bacterial-fungal associations with potentially detrimental impacts on human health may also occur in moldy houses (170).…”

Section: Roles In Host Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Frey‐Klett

Burlinson

Deveau

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

718

531

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SUMMARY Bacteria and fungi can form a range of physical associations that depend on various modes of molecular communication for their development and functioning. These bacterial-fungal interactions often result in changes to the pathogenicity or the nutritional influence of one or both partners toward plants or animals (including humans). They can also result in unique contributions to biogeochemical cycles and biotechnological processes. Thus, the interactions between bacteria and fungi are of central importance to numerous biological questions in agriculture, forestry, environmental science, food production, and medicine. Here we present a structured review of bacterial-fungal interactions, illustrated by examples sourced from many diverse scientific fields. We consider the general and specific properties of these interactions, providing a global perspective across this emerging multidisciplinary research area. We show that in many cases, parallels can be drawn between different scenarios in which bacterial-fungal interactions are important. Finally, we discuss how new avenues of investigation may enhance our ability to combat, manipulate, or exploit bacterial-fungal complexes for the economic and practical benefit of humanity as well as reshape our current understanding of bacterial and fungal ecology.

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Section: Roles In Host Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Frey‐Klett

Burlinson

Deveau

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

718

531

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In fact, the co-isolation of these diverse organisms from an array of acute and chronic diseases such as burn wounds, ventilator-associated pneumonia and bloodstream infections is well documented (Combes et al, 2002;Klotz et al, 2007a;Mousa, 1997). The majority of these clinical conditions are considered to be biofilm-associated, whereby adherence to and colonization of a surface by the microorganism is a prerequisite for the development of the infectious process (Archer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus adherence to Candida albicans hyphae is mediated by the hyphal adhesin Als3p

et al. 2012

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The bacterium Staphylococcus (St.) aureus and the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans are currently among the leading nosocomial pathogens, often co-infecting critically ill patients, with high morbidity and mortality. Previous investigations have demonstrated preferential adherence of St. aureus to C. albicans hyphae during mixed biofilm growth. In this study, we aimed to characterize the mechanism behind this observed interaction. C. albicans adhesin-deficient mutant strains were screened by microscopy to identify the specific receptor on C. albicans hyphae recognized by St. aureus. Furthermore, an immunoassay was developed to validate and quantify staphylococcal binding to fungal biofilms. The findings from these experiments implicated the C. albicans adhesin agglutinin-like sequence 3 (Als3p) in playing a major role in the adherence process. This association was quantitatively established using atomic force microscopy, in which the adhesion force between single cells of the two species was significantly reduced for a C. albicans mutant strain lacking als3. Confocal microscopy further confirmed these observations, as St. aureus overlaid with a purified recombinant Als3 N-terminal domain fragment (rAls3p) exhibited robust binding. Importantly, a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterologously expressing Als3p was utilized to further confirm this adhesin as a receptor for St. aureus. Although the parental strain does not bind bacteria, expression of Als3p on the cell surface conferred upon the yeast the ability to strongly bind St. aureus. To elucidate the implications of these in vitro findings in a clinically relevant setting, an ex vivo murine model of co-infection was designed using murine tongue explants. Fluorescent microscopic images revealed extensive hyphal penetration of the epithelium typical of C. albicans mucosal infection. Interestingly, St. aureus bacterial cells were only seen within the Abbreviations: AFM, atomic force microscopy; CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy; ConA-Texas red, concanavalin A conjugated to Texas red; H&E, haematoxylin and eosin; IFA, indirect immunofluorescence; PNA-FISH, peptide nucleic acid probes for fluorescent in situ hybridization; SEM, scanning electron microscopy. A supplementary figure is available with the online version of this paper. Microbiology

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“…10 It has been estimated that about 27% of candidemias in nosocomial infections occurred in association with other microorganisms, being S. aureus the third most common. 11 According to Harriott and Noverr, 4 C. albicans can contribute to the formation of S. aureus biofilm, and thus increase the resistance of the bacteria to the action of antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological activities ofRosmarinus officinalisL. (rosemary) extract as analyzed in microorganisms and cells

Oliveira

Jesus

Figueira

et al. 2017

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract effectively contributed to in vitro control of important species of microorganisms such as Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mono-and polymicrobial biofilms that are responsible for several infections in oral cavity as in other regions of the body. Furthermore, this extract promoted also cell viability above 50% at concentrations 50 mg/mL, excellent anti-inflammatory effect, showing inhibition or reduction of the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, being also non-genotoxic to cell lines studied. Thus, this extract may be a promising therapeutic agent that can be added in some medical and dental formulations such as toothpastes, mouthwashes, irrigating root canals, ointments, soaps, in order to control pathogenic microorganisms and biofilms, with anti-inflammatory effect and absence of cytotoxic and genotoxic. AbstractR. officinalis L. is an aromatic plant commonly used as condiment and for medicinal purposes. Biological activities of its extract were evaluated in this study, as antimicrobial effect on mono-and polymicrobial biofilms, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory capacity, and genotoxicity. Monomicrobial biofilms of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and polymicrobial biofilms composed of C. albicans with each bacterium were formed in microplates during 48 h and exposed for 5 min to R. officinalis L. extract (200 mg/mL). Its cytotoxic effect was examined on murine macrophages (RAW 264.7), human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1), human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7), and cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) after exposure to different concentrations of the extract, analyzed by MTT, neutral red (NR), and crystal violet (CV) assays. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on RAW 264.7 non-stimulated or stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli and treated with different concentrations of the extract for 24 h. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) were quantified by ELISA. Genotoxicity was verified by the frequency of micronuclei (MN) at 1000 cells after exposure to concentrations of the extract for 24 h. Data were analyzed by T-Test or ANOVA and Tukey Test (P 0.05). Thus, significant reductions in colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were observed in all biofilms. Regarding the cells, it was observed that concentrations 50 mg/mL provided cell viability of above 50%. Production of proinflammatory cytokines in the treated groups was similar or lower compared to the control group. The MN frequency in the groups exposed to extract was similar or less than the untreated group. It was shown that R. officinalis L. extract was effective on mono-and polymicrobial biofilms; it also provided cell viability of above 50% (at 50 mg/mL), showed anti-inflammatory effect, and was not genotoxic.

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Polymicrobial bloodstream infections involving Candida species: analysis of patients and review of the literature

Cited by 219 publications

References 31 publications

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Staphylococcus aureus adherence to Candida albicans hyphae is mediated by the hyphal adhesin Als3p

Biological activities ofRosmarinus officinalisL. (rosemary) extract as analyzed in microorganisms and cells

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