Polymethyleneamine Alkaloids of Animal Origin: I. Metabolites of Marine and Microbial Organisms

Abstract

This review, issued in two parts, describes the information on the structure and biological activity of animal alkaloids derived from polymethyleneamines and produced by marine organisms, wasps, spiders, and microorganisms. Animal alkaloids are outstanding models for developing methods and drugs for the treatment of many human diseases. In the first part, we consider compounds produced by marine and microbial organisms. Some promising synthetic analogues of these alkaloids are used in developing modern preparations for the chelate therapy of excessive blood iron content and antituberculosis, antiproliferative, and immunosuppressive drugs.

A Strategy for Identification and Structural Characterization of Compounds from Plantago asiatica L. by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Combined with Ion Mobility Spectrometry

“…TCMs have been widely used and have played an important role in disease treatment. However, the separation and preparation of effective components from TCMs by conventional solvent extraction have many unresolved issues, which has caused the waste of a large amount of raw materials and also high energy consumption [19,20]. Macroporous resins, which can selectively adsorb organics in an aqueous solution owing to their large specific surface, are suitable for separating the compounds of TCMs [21,22].…”

From Marine Metabolites to the Drugs of the Future: Squalamine, Trodusquemine, Their Steroid and Triterpene Analogues

“…The biosynthetic pathways to these polyamines in animals, plants, and microorganisms are well known and originate from amino acids. In addition to the simplest form as free aliphatic bases, they are often found as structural units of numerous alkaloids of plant and animal origin, which are usually referred to as secondary metabolites [3,4].…”

“…Later, seven other amino sterols 2-8 (Figure 1) with antibacterial activity, structurally similar to squalamine, were isolated from the liver of the shark S. acanthias [3]. They contain a cholestan skeleton conjugated to spermidine or spermine at the C3 position, while the side chain can be sulfated.…”

New Perspectives in Drug Discovery Using Neuroactive Molecules From the Venom of Arthropods

“…In mammalian CNS, venom compounds may either inhibit or stimulate with affinity and specificity structures such as: ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors and transporters [1][2][3]. Not surprisingly, these actions have attracted the attention of many investigators in search of tools to help the understanding of neural mechanisms as well as those in search of novel probes in CNS drug design for the last 20 years [3,4]. In addition to the growing interest in finding new neuroactive compounds, the improvement of proteomic and transcriptome techniques has stimulated great progress in the bioprospecting, enabling and accelerating the testing of new toxins in several animal models.…”