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Als ungesattigter Aldehyd eignet sich Acrolein zur Herstellung verschiedenartiger Hochpolymere. Betrachtet man es in Analogie zum Butadien als ein 1.3-Dien, so lassen sich alle Polymerisationen einheitlich beschreiben und weitere Moglichkeiten voraussehen. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt wird ein oberblick iiber Ergebnisse der letzten 10 Jahre gegeben. Es wird gezeigt, daJ Acrolein eines der wenigen Monomeren ist, die zwei polymerisationsfahige Gruppen unterschiedlicher Reaktivitat enthalten Hieraus ergeben sich neue Moglichkeiten zur Herstellung von Homopolymerisaten, Copolymerisaten und Pfropfcopolymerisaten, die sich bei den meisten anderen Monomeren nicht bieten.
Als ungesattigter Aldehyd eignet sich Acrolein zur Herstellung verschiedenartiger Hochpolymere. Betrachtet man es in Analogie zum Butadien als ein 1.3-Dien, so lassen sich alle Polymerisationen einheitlich beschreiben und weitere Moglichkeiten voraussehen. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt wird ein oberblick iiber Ergebnisse der letzten 10 Jahre gegeben. Es wird gezeigt, daJ Acrolein eines der wenigen Monomeren ist, die zwei polymerisationsfahige Gruppen unterschiedlicher Reaktivitat enthalten Hieraus ergeben sich neue Moglichkeiten zur Herstellung von Homopolymerisaten, Copolymerisaten und Pfropfcopolymerisaten, die sich bei den meisten anderen Monomeren nicht bieten.
Table 4. Rate constants for the pseudo-nionomolecular reactions of the dyes 145) and (46) with water and with sorbitol (SO g of sorbitol/l) at pH 10 and 25 "C. I i I (45) 0.42 1 . 8~ 10-4 (46) 1 12.40 3 3 x 10-4triazine dye is partly hydrolysed within the time necessary for its diffusion into the fiber [half-life period of diffusion: 12 mi,; of hydrolysis: 30 min for (46), 550 min for (4S)J Moreover, the 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline dye has greater substantivity than the dichlorotriazine dye, which is attributed to the greater expansiveness and substantivity of the dichloroquinoxaline system [37]. The elemental analysis of cotton fabric dyed by different methods with 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline red (45) showed that only one of the two chlorine atoms reacts with the cellulose during the cold pad-batch process at 25 "C and [37] Measurements by W. Beckmann.in the case of exhaustion dyeing at 40 "C. Under more energetic conditions of fixing, e.g. with steam at 103 "C or on baking at 140°C ("thermofixing"), the second chlorine atom also enters into reaction with the cellulose or water, so that thereafter only about 15 % of the chlorine content corresponding to the second chlorine atom is still detectable. The studies described and the preparative work leading to the Levafix dyes were carried out in the ZW-Laboratorium der Farbenfabriken Bayer under the direction of Dr. D. Delfs. Those notably concerned with the development of' the Levafix-E dyes were Drs. R. Putter, . I . Singer, W. WOK H. Jager, and K . Gerlach of the Wissenschaftliehes Hauptlaboratorium der Farbenfabriken Bayer as well as Drs. K. Greiner, H. Cutjar, and M. Soll of the Anwendungstechnische Abteilung der Farbenfabriken Bayer. We thank Professor Otto Bayer for his intensive support of this work. The unsaturated aldehyde acrolein is a suitable source for different types of high polymers.Zf it is regarded as a 1,3-diene analogous to butadiene, then all the known modes of its polymerization can be systematically described and further possibilities predicted. A survey is given on this basis of the results obtained during the past decade. It is shown that aerolein is one of' the f e w monomers which contain two poiymerizable groups of differing reactivities. This fact allows the formation from acrviein of new homopolymers, copolymers, and graft copolymers, a scope which is not encountered with many other monomers.
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