Acrolein Polymers

Abstract

Table 4. Rate constants for the pseudo-nionomolecular reactions of the dyes 145) and (46) with water and with sorbitol (SO g of sorbitol/l) at pH 10 and 25 "C. I i I (45) 0.42 1 . 8~ 10-4 (46) 1 12.40 3 3 x 10-4triazine dye is partly hydrolysed within the time necessary for its diffusion into the fiber [half-life period of diffusion: 12 mi,; of hydrolysis: 30 min for (46), 550 min for (4S)J Moreover, the 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline dye has greater substantivity than the dichlorotriazine dye, which is attributed to the greater expansiveness and substantivity of the dichloroquinoxaline system [37]. The elemental analysis of cotton fabric dyed by different methods with 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline red (45) showed that only one of the two chlorine atoms reacts with the cellulose during the cold pad-batch process at 25 "C and [37] Measurements by W. Beckmann.in the case of exhaustion dyeing at 40 "C. Under more energetic conditions of fixing, e.g. with steam at 103 "C or on baking at 140°C ("thermofixing"), the second chlorine atom also enters into reaction with the cellulose or water, so that thereafter only about 15 % of the chlorine content corresponding to the second chlorine atom is still detectable. The studies described and the preparative work leading to the Levafix dyes were carried out in the ZW-Laboratorium der Farbenfabriken Bayer under the direction of Dr. D. Delfs. Those notably concerned with the development of' the Levafix-E dyes were Drs. R. Putter, . I . Singer, W. WOK H. Jager, and K . Gerlach of the Wissenschaftliehes Hauptlaboratorium der Farbenfabriken Bayer as well as Drs. K. Greiner, H. Cutjar, and M. Soll of the Anwendungstechnische Abteilung der Farbenfabriken Bayer. We thank Professor Otto Bayer for his intensive support of this work. The unsaturated aldehyde acrolein is a suitable source for different types of high polymers.Zf it is regarded as a 1,3-diene analogous to butadiene, then all the known modes of its polymerization can be systematically described and further possibilities predicted. A survey is given on this basis of the results obtained during the past decade. It is shown that aerolein is one of' the f e w monomers which contain two poiymerizable groups of differing reactivities. This fact allows the formation from acrviein of new homopolymers, copolymers, and graft copolymers, a scope which is not encountered with many other monomers.

Standing on the shoulders of Hermann Staudinger: Post‐polymerization modification from past to present

“…First examples of the polymerization of monomers containing aldehyde groups were reported as early as in 1950s by Wiley and Hobson234 as well as by Schulz et al235 The research activities of the latter authors concentrated on poly(acrolein), which was obtained via redox polymerization, and also included first studies on the post‐polymerization modification of these polymers. Polymerization of unprotected aldehyde monomers by conventional polymerization techniques, however, can be accompanied by a variety of side reactions, due to the competing reactivity between the vinyl double bond and the aldehyde group 236. To overcome these problems, precursor routes based on deprotection of masked aldehyde functionalities, such as acetal or dioxolane groups following polymerization of the corresponding monomers by oxidation were employed to prepare well‐defined aldehyde bearing polymers starting from 1980s 139, 237–240.…”

Dehydration of glycerin to acrolein over H 3 PW 12 O 40 heteropolyacid catalyst supported on silica-alumina

“…The result showed that severe coke formed during the reaction blocked the active sites of the catalysts, resulting in catalyst deactivation. Moreover, carbon balance was less than 100% due to the carbon deposition derived from oligomerization of glycerin [34], polymerization of acrolein [35], and formation of undetectable cyclic C 6 -compounds [36]. Fig.…”

Electron‐transfer polymers (oxidation‐reduction polymers)

“…Interesting work with unknown potential is referred to in this subsection. Acrolein polymers have been studied by Schulz (219,220). From this work it is apparent that reactive polymers containing the widest range of functional groups can be prepared, further extending the possibilities referred to in subsection D. By the preparation of poly-4-hydroxystyrene of known structure, which can readily be substituted ortho to the hydroxyl group, Packham (204) has prepared chelating polymers with potential such as suggested in the work of Charreton (36).…”