Polymerizations in the presence of seeds: 5. Core-shell structure of two-stage emulsion polymers

Hergeth, Wolf‐Dieter; Bittrich, H.‐J.; Eichhorn, F.; Schlenker, S.; Schmutzler, K.; Steinau, U.‐J.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(89)90366-2

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[9]). Condition 1 was experimentally verified using polymer latexes [9,10,11] and inorganic quartz powder filler particles as seeds [12]. Under these circumstances, additional experimental conditions for the formation of homogeneous polymeric shells around polymeric s~d s can be summarized as follows [11,13]: -use of water soluble initiator -monomer II addition under starved conditions -higher water solubility of monomer II than that of monomer I -incompatibility of the two polymers.…”

Section: R E S U L T S a N D Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SAXS study of core-shell colloids

Beyer

Lebek

Hergeth

et al. 1990

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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Polymeric core-shell systems were produced by a two-stage emulsion polymerization technique under fixed conditions: i) monodisperse seed latex with a sufficiently high particle number; ii) starved monomer-II addition; iii) water-soluble initiator; iv) incompatibility of core and shell polymer. From electron micrographs, it is not possible to determine where the second polymer is located within these two-stage emulsion polymers. The internal structure of the particles can be detected by small-angle x-ray scattering. The results indicate that; i) the emulsion polymerization process takes place in a small surface layer region of the seed particles, and ii) a small interfacial layer exists between the core and shell polymer.

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Section: R E S U L T S a N D Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scattering curves, like that in Fig. 5, can be obtained from SANS experiments if the core scattering contribution is matched (e.g., by a mixture of H20 and D20) [5,6,11].…”

Section: [15]mentioning

confidence: 99%

SAXS study of core-shell colloids

Beyer

Lebek

Hergeth

et al. 1990

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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“…This procedure was analogous to the seeded polymerization process used to produce structured latex. 7 In seeded polymerization affinity of the monomers for the latex beads plays a prime role. 8 Although the various steps of these polymerization reactions have not been completely worked out, polymerization does take place around each latex bead whose size increases progressively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Inverted Microcarriers” for Cell Cultures Made by Polymerization of Shells around Agarose Microspheres in a Non-Cytotoxic Procedure

Cadic

Baquey

Dupuy

1991

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:A new process for microencapsulating cells is described. Cells in solution in agarose were extruded from a syringe into a paraffin oil containing medium. Solid microspheres were produced when the agarose gelled. A rigid interface around each bead was produced by polymerization of a latex seeded solution of a mixture of 5% acrylamide and 0.25% bisacrylamide. Cell viability was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay of prolactin liberated from encapsulated pituitary cells.

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“…The different applications of the core/ shell particles require advanced characterization techniques to determine the morphology down to the molecular level. Important and powerful characterization techniques are, for example, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Lee and Rudin, 1992), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), small angle neutron scattering (Hergeth et al, 1989), light scattering (Mills et al, 1993, Ottewil et al, 1995), and NMR (Clauss et al, 1993. Moreover, it is also important to know whether the composite polymer particles contain graft or block copolymers, since these may act as compatibilizers and thus have a large effect on the extent of phase separation.…”

Section: Introduction To Particle Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion Polymerization

Aerdts¹,

Herk²,

Klumperman³

et al. 2013

Materials Science and Technology

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The sections in this article are Polymerization Techniques Emulsion Polymerization Mini‐ and Micro‐Emulsion Polymerization Basic Principles of Emulsion Polymerization Particle Nucleation Particle Growth Molar Mass and Molar Mass Distribution Particle Size Distribution Ingredients in Recipes Monomers Initiators Surfactants Others Emulsion Copolymerization Penultimate Unit Effect in Copolymerization Monomer Partitioning in Emulsion Polymerization Composition Drift in Emulsion Co‐ and Terpolymerization Ternary Emulsion Copolymerization Chemical Composition Distribution and Molar Mass Chemical Composition Distribution Process Strategies in Emulsion Copolymerization Constant Addition Strategy Controlled Composition Reactors Optimal Addition Profile Batch, Semi‐Batch, and Continuous Emulsion Polymerization Particle Morphologies Introduction to Particle Morphologies Core–Shell Morphologies Organic Cores Encapsulation of Inorganic Particles Hollow Particles Special Chemistry in Conventional Emulsion Polymerization Reactive Latices Crosslinking of Polymers by Low Molar Mass Crosslink Agents Crosslinking Between Polymers with Complementary Reactive Groups Reactive Surfactants Unconventional Emulsion Polymerization Unconventinal Free‐Radical Emulsion Polymerization Ionic Emulsion Polymerization Transition Metal Catalyzed Emulsion Polymerization Enzyme‐Catalyzed Emulsion Polymerization Concluding Remarks Applications Paints Paper Coatings Adhesives Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications Impact Modifiers Appendix I Appendix II

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Polymerizations in the presence of seeds: 5. Core-shell structure of two-stage emulsion polymers

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

SAXS study of core-shell colloids

SAXS study of core-shell colloids

“Inverted Microcarriers” for Cell Cultures Made by Polymerization of Shells around Agarose Microspheres in a Non-Cytotoxic Procedure

Emulsion Polymerization

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