Polymerization of methyl methacrylate by trialkylborane‐pyridine system

Tri-n-Butylborane/WaterComplex-Mediated Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate with Proteinaceous Materials and Proteins: A Review

“…In these processes, the organoborane acts as an initiator and as a reagent that propagates the chain. Although a number of borate esters have been investigated as catalysts for the polymerization of methyl methacrylates [21,22], little is known about the factors affecting the acid-base complex in the presence of a small amount of water.…”

“…Also, Kojima et al [21,22] have extensively examined the copolymerization of vinyl monomers by tri-n-butylborane. For example, the alkylborane-initiated polymerization of vinyl chloride was found to be accelerated by electron-donating solvents such as ether and pyridine, and it was assumed that alkylborane formed a complex with these donors [21].…”

“…Also, Kojima et al [21,22] have extensively examined the copolymerization of vinyl monomers by tri-n-butylborane. For example, the alkylborane-initiated polymerization of vinyl chloride was found to be accelerated by electron-donating solvents such as ether and pyridine, and it was assumed that alkylborane formed a complex with these donors [21]. The same authors also reported the polymerization of MMA initiated by tri-n-butylborane-metal acetylacetonate in DMSO or toluene, and showed that the activation energy (E a ) of polymerization of MMA by the tri-n-butylboraneacetylacetonate complex in dioxane was 5.5 kcal/mol, whereas that for the polymerization of acrylonitrile by tri-n-butylborane in tetrahydrofuran was 3.8 kcal/mol.…”

Polymerization of - Phenylmaleimide Initiated by 9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane

“…The radical polymerization of MMA initiated by trialkylboranes under air has been studied, and various amines were found to depress the rate of polymerization ; however, complete inhibition was not observed, even in the presence of amines with strong basicity. 34 The inhibition of this polymerization by triethylamine is evidence in support of the non-radical mechanism. In the radical polymerization of acrylic esters or methacrylic esters, zinc halides accelerate the reaction.35 This observation is interpreted in terms of coordination of both the propagating chain-end and the monomer to the Lewis acid, a N -PMI 5·8 mmol, 9-BBN 0·058 mmol, THF 5 ml, under argon, 0¡C, 1 h. b 0·174 mmol.…”

Grafting of methyl methacrylate and its derivatives onto blood

“…Recently, we reported that pyridine and its derivatives gave cocatalytic effects on the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by tri-nbutylborane (Bu3B) . 6 We also described the graft copolymerization of MMA by Bu3B onto natural and synthetic polymers. ?J On the other hand, many authors have published their studies on the preservation of blood by chemical treatments.…”