Polymerization‐induced phase separation and resulting thermomechanical properties of thermosetting/reactive nonlinear polymer blends: A review

Liu, Yuhong

doi:10.1002/app.38721

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…At the same time, good interaction between the dispersed phase and matrix is also essential for enhancing the fracture toughness. From the FTIR analyses, the end phenolic hydroxyl groups of PES-C could join in the reaction between CE and EP [35][36][37]. Moreover, it is seen that there are no vacant spaces on the fracture surface from Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on phenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone)‐modified cyanate ester resin and epoxy resin blends

Wang

et al. 2015

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this work, the phenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone) (PES‐C)‐modified cyanate ester (CE) and epoxy (EP) blends were prepared. This work mainly discusses the curing behaviors, fracture toughness, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal and mechanical properties of the blends. The Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetric analyses are used to confirm the curing behaviors, demonstrating that the main reaction pathways are not varied with the addition of PES‐C, but the reaction rate could be evidently accelerated. The fracture morphologies of the blends are observed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the fracture causes of the failed surface are also analyzed. With the addition of PES‐C, the modified blends display higher fracture toughness (KIc) and impact strength when compared with neat CE. Domain sizes of the blends first increase then decrease with the addition of PES‐C. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis show that the Tg, storage modulus, and thermal stability of the crosslink network slightly decreases with the addition of PES‐C. The mechanical strength of blends with the addition of PES‐C is far better than that of the blends without PES‐C both at ambient temperature and elevated temperature. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2591–2602, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on phenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone)‐modified cyanate ester resin and epoxy resin blends

Wang

et al. 2015

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…7d, e, it can be seen that most of cavities exist on or close to the crack propagation lines, and the sizes of the cavities are about 1 to 1.5 μm. In E-HBP-modified epoxy systems, the cavities were particles which have been fully cavitated, i.e., a void has grown within the particles during the process of particle deformations [10]. The process of particle cavitations can absorb the energy of external load, and the cavitated particles on the propagation lines (as is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of E-hbp-modified Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The controlled chemically induced phase separation (CIPS), which has been reported elsewhere, is considered to be the key mechanism, significantly affecting the morphology of E-HBP-modified epoxy resins [7][8][9]. The other toughening mechanism observed in epoxy resins toughened by E-HBP is particle cavitation [10,11], which needs CIPS to get the particles. Under the load conditions, the particles formed in the CIPS process can induce large stress concentrations, which lead to extensive shear deformation and a high energy absorption, thereby improving the toughness of the materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanical behaviors of epoxy-terminated hyperbranched polyester (E-HBP) as toughener in different epoxy resins

Xia

Yang

et al. 2018

Adv Compos Hybrid Mater

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Using epoxy-terminated hyperbranched polymer (E-HBP) to modify epoxy resin (EP) is an effective way to improve the toughness of EP. In the present study, two different epoxy resin systems with E-HBP are researched: a commercial diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) resin with anhydride as curing agent and a tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM) resin with diamine as curing agent. Characterization results show that the addition of E-HBP could improve the mechanical properties of the two epoxy resin systems, such as tensile strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity. Meanwhile, the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the two systems does not decrease. However, the morphology of the tensile fracture surfaces of the two modified systems shows different behaviors. Significant plastic deformation could be observed in the fracture surfaces of the modified DGEBA/anhydride system, and particle cavitations are clearly shown in the fracture surfaces of the modified TGDDM/ diamine systems. The analysis of the tensile fracture surfaces suggests that firstly E-HBP participates in the curing process of the modified resin systems, followed by the chemical-induced phase separation; finally, a gradient transition interface layer (GTIL) is formed. Apart from these, during the external loading process, the mechanical behaviors (deformation or cavitation) of the separated E-HBP particles in the modified epoxy resins are affected by the properties of the epoxy matrix itself.

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“…For a thermoplastic/thermosetting resin system, its content of thermoplastic resin and curing procedure are main factors that affecting RIPS. [15][16][17] However, traditional heat-curing process needs a long curing cycle and has temperature gradient. Therefore, it is of great significance to find new and efficient fabrication technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile strategy and mechanism of greatly toughening epoxy resin using polyethersulfone through controlling phase separation with microwave‐assisted thermal curing technique

Deng

Yuan

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Toughening has been the essential issue for developing high‐performance thermosetting resins. Herein, starting from polyethersulfone (PES) and bisphenol A epoxy resin (EP), a facile strategy is developed to prepare tough resins through controlling phase structure with microwave‐assisted thermal curing. PES/EP resins cured with the assistance of microwave curing (m‐PES/EP) have two major differences compared with those using traditional heat curing (t‐PES/EP), one is high degree of phase separation, and the other is phase separation mechanism. Initial phase separation of all t‐PES/EP resins follows spinodal decomposition mechanism, while those of m‐PES/EP systems with 8 wt% and 18 wt% of PES follow nucleation and growth mechanism. These differences are derived from the fact that microwave curing has much faster phase separation rate and curing reaction rate than thermal curing owing to the higher thermal effect. Differences in phase structure bring different macro performances, and m‐PES/EP systems have higher impact strengths, fracture toughnesses, and flexural strengths than t‐PES/EP resins. This investigation provides a facial and effective way of developing higher performance thermoplastic/thermosetting resin system through controlling phase structure. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48394.

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Polymerization‐induced phase separation and resulting thermomechanical properties of thermosetting/reactive nonlinear polymer blends: A review

Cited by 52 publications

References 95 publications

Study on phenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone)‐modified cyanate ester resin and epoxy resin blends

Study on phenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone)‐modified cyanate ester resin and epoxy resin blends

The mechanical behaviors of epoxy-terminated hyperbranched polyester (E-HBP) as toughener in different epoxy resins

Facile strategy and mechanism of greatly toughening epoxy resin using polyethersulfone through controlling phase separation with microwave‐assisted thermal curing technique

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