Polymerizable Ligands as Stabilizers for Nanoparticles

Abstract

Monomers bearing functional groups that can get chemisorbed on nanoparticles to form polymerizable monolayers have emerged as an interesting class of stabilizer ligands for various nanoparticles. High‐surface coverage, their ability to modify the properties of underlying nanoparticles, capability to form polymers of different molecular weights and possibility to make structural modifications make them attractive for their use as stabilizer ligands for nanoparticles. Both in situ and post‐synthesis grafting methods for attaching polymerizable ligands to nanoparticles are frequently used. The advantage of grafting polymerizable stabilizer on the surface of nanoparticles is that initially the polymerizable molecule acts as a proper stabilizer for the nanoparticles and later their surface polymerization or co‐polymerization with another suitable monomer can be carried out to generate the desired polymer scaffold around the nanoparticles, which ensures the increased stability of the resulting core‐polymerized shell nanoparticles. This review discusses interesting reports from recent literature on grafting of polymerizable ligands and their polymerization on gold, silver, silica, and iron oxide nanoparticles.

Synthesis of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) by distillation precipitation polymerization and quantitative grafting on mesoporous silica

“…First MSNs were functionalized with polymerizable acryloxy groups (MPS monomer) by the alkoxysilane grafting protocol . MPS being a small organic molecule diffuses easily inside the mesopores of silica.…”

Monodisperse Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Prepared via γ-Ray Radiolysis of Water: An Efficient Near-Infrared Photothermal Agent for Cancer Therapy

“…Generally, the size of the particles prepared by precipitate polymerization can be affected by the concentration of the stabilizer . PVA is the commonly used stabilizer in the preparation of PPy nanoparticles by chemical oxidative polymerization methods.…”

“…Generally, the size of the particles prepared by precipitate polymerization can be affected by the concentration of the stabilizer. [20] PVA is the commonly used stabilizer in the preparation of PPy nanoparticles by chemical oxidative polymerization methods. [2c,21] In addition to the effect of stabilizing the PPy nanoparticles, PVA has been found to exhibit other beneficial effects including ensuring good biocompatibility and enhancing systemic delivery of PPy nanoparticles.…”

Substrate effects on photophysical properties of fluorescent self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)

“…These methods allow direct formation of monolayers of desired organic molecules containing bulky fluorescent or polymerizable groups on the surface of nanostructures during their syntheses. The nanoscaled substrates include nanoparticles, nanorods, nanocages, nanodiscs, and porous nanoparticles . During the preparation of fluorescent SAMs, the reactivity of substrate plays an important role in chemical attachment or strong physisorption of the monolayers on its surface.…”

“…The nanoscaled substrates include nanoparticles, nanorods, nanocages, nanodiscs, and porous nanoparticles. [19,20] During the preparation of fluorescent SAMs, the reactivity of substrate plays an important role in chemical attachment or strong physisorption of the monolayers on its surface. The substrate material properties and its nanoscaling also play an important role in the alteration of photophysical properties of the SAMs.…”