Polymeric Nanoparticles in Targeting and Delivery of Drugs

Encapsulation methods of active molecules for drug delivery

“…A supercritical antisolvent, A supercritical antisolvent is then added to the solution in a closed chamber, at ambient pressure. The insolubility of the solute in the fluid results in the instant precipitation of the solute, leading to particles formation [15]. Despite the advantage of using environmentally safe materials, some drawbacks are linked to this method since it requires special equipment and is very expensive to be developed as a routine technique [50].…”

Mesoporous silica nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for anti-tubercular agents: a review

“…Drugs are released from their matrices through diffusion, erosion and desorption [ 229 ]. Their release mechanism depends on pore connectivity and size, the chemical composition of nanoparticle surfaces, physico-chemical properties and loading methods of the drugs.…”

Meta-analysis of In Vitro Drug-Release Parameters Reveals Predictable and Robust Kinetics for Redox-Responsive Drug-Conjugated Therapeutic Nanogels

“…14 As for other matrix formulations, the release rate from nanogels and other nanoscale DDSs is controlled by various factors such as the nanogel and drug characteristics, the ratio between the polymer network and drug, the cross-linkers, the physical and chemical interactions between the components of the formulation, and also the preparation method. 14,15 Thus, the design of the nanocarrier and selection of the payload can influence the mechanism of drug release, which falls under one or a combination of these categories: diffusion-based, solvent-based (osmosis-or swelling-based), and degradation-based. 14 Understanding the mechanism of drug release of the designed formulation is critical for optimizing the rate and timing of drug release from the nanocarrier; however, it is highly challenging because drug release may be driven by any of diffusion, swelling, or stimuli-sensitive linker degradation (Figure 2).…”

“…The minimal leakage and maximum percentage release of the payload in the shortest amount of time upon stimuli application, are key parameters of controlled release, which not only enhance therapeutic efficacy of drugs but also reduce the systemic adverse effects . As for other matrix formulations, the release rate from nanogels and other nanoscale DDSs is controlled by various factors such as the nanogel and drug characteristics, the ratio between the polymer network and drug, the cross-linkers, the physical and chemical interactions between the components of the formulation, and also the preparation method. , Thus, the design of the nanocarrier and selection of the payload can influence the mechanism of drug release, which falls under one or a combination of these categories: diffusion-based, solvent-based (osmosis- or swelling-based), and degradation-based . Understanding the mechanism of drug release of the designed formulation is critical for optimizing the rate and timing of drug release from the nanocarrier; however, it is highly challenging because drug release may be driven by any of diffusion, swelling, or stimuli-sensitive linker degradation (Figure ).…”

“…There are numerous empirical or semiempirical mathematical models that have been proposed to quantitatively characterize mechanisms of release such as the zero-order model, Higuchi model, Korsmeyer–Peppas model, and Hixson–Crowell model among others. − While none of the developed models can be applied to any DDSs universally and their predictive power is lower than that of mechanistic models, these descriptive mathematical analyses are more accessible and can be useful to compare different drug-release profiles . However, few studies make use of these models to compare different nanocarrier formulations − and even fewer utilize more advanced mechanistic models or employ in silico molecular dynamics simulations to gain further insights into drug-release mechanisms .…”