Polymeric Material with Metal-Like Conductivity for Next Generation Organic Electronic Devices

Fabretto, Manrico; Evans, Drew; Mueller, Michael; Zuber, Kamil; Hojati-Talemi, Pejman; Short, Robert D.; Wallace, Gordon G.; Murphy, Peter

doi:10.1021/cm302899v

Cited by 230 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…is the most important due to its high electrical conductivity (even higher than 5·10 3 S/cm), good transparency, excellent electrochemical and thermal stabilities, fast dopingdedoping processes and biocompatibility [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. PEDOT can be synthesized by electrochemical polymerization using an active supporting electrolyte or by oxidative chemical polymerization to obtain aqueous dispersions stabilized by a water-soluble poly(styrene sulfonate) [15][16][17].…”

Section: Among Commercially Available Ecps Poly(34-ethylenedioxythimentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the fabrication of all-polythiophene supercapacitors

2017

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Abstract. The influence of the preparation method in the properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrodes used to manufacture organic energy storage devices, as for example supercapacitors, have been examined by considering a reduction of both monomer and supporting electrolyte concentrations during the anodic polymerization reaction. Thus, the excellent electrochemical properties of PEDOT films prepared using quiescent solutions have been preserved by applying controlled agitation to the polymerization process, even though the concentration of monomer and supporting electrolyte were reduced 5 and 2 times, respectively. For example, the charge stored for reversible exchange in a redox process, the electrochemical stability and the current productivity of films achieved using quiescent solutions have been preserved using a dynamic reaction medium in which the concentrations of monomer and supporting electrolyte are several times lower. The excellent properties of PEDOT electrodes prepared using optimized dynamic conditions have also been proved by constructing a symmetric supercapacitor. This energy storage device, which has been used as power source for a LED bulb, is rechargeable and exhibits higher chargedischarge capacities than supercapacitors prepared with electrodes derived from quiescent solutions. In addition of bring an efficacious procedure for preparing costeffective PEDOT films with excellent properties, the proposed dynamic conditions reduce the environmental hazards of depleted reaction media.

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Section: Among Commercially Available Ecps Poly(34-ethylenedioxythimentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the fabrication of all-polythiophene supercapacitors

2017

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“…Among all conducting polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has become the material of choice for many applications including thermoelectric ones [8]. This is because PEDOT has a low thermal conductivity, is stable under ambient conditions, is easily processed, has a high electrical conductivity, and can even exhibit a metallic behavior at room temperature [9,10]. Despite a massive experimental attention to the electric and thermoelectric transport in PEDOT thin films, many fundamental aspects of charge mobility in this and related materials still remain poorly understood and the interpretation of many experiments remains controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding hopping transport and thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers

2015

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We calculate the conductivity σ and the Seebeck coefficient S for the phonon-assisted hopping transport in conducting polymers poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or PEDOT, experimentally studied by Bubnova et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 16456 (2012)]. We use the Monte Carlo technique as well as the semianalytical approach based on the transport energy concept. We demonstrate that both approaches show a good qualitative agreement for the concentration dependence of σ and S. At the same time, we find that the semianalytical approach is not in a position to describe the temperature dependence of the conductivity. We find that both Gaussian and exponential density of states (DOS) reproduce rather well the experimental data for the concentration dependence of σ and S giving similar fitting parameters of the theory. The obtained parameters correspond to a hopping model of localized quasiparticles extending over 2-3 monomer units with typical jumps over a distance of 3-4 units. The energetic disorder (broadening of the DOS) is estimated to be 0.1 eV. Using the Monte Carlo calculation we reproduce the activation behavior of the conductivity with the calculated activation energy close to the experimentally observed one. We find that for a low carrier concentration a number of free carriers contributing to the transport deviates strongly from the measured oxidation level. Possible reasons for this behavior are discussed. We also study the effect of the dimensionality on the charge transport by calculating the Seebeck coefficient and the conductivity for the cases of three-, two-, and one-dimensional motion.

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“…In addition, the conductivity and the charge carrier mobility levels of the organic materials are still orders of magnitude lower compared to their inorganic counterparts [7]. For instance, the conductivity and charge carrier mobility of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), used as both conductor and semiconductor in organic electronics, are on the order of 10 3 S cm -1 and 10 cm 2 V -1 s -1 respectively [20][21][22][23]. In comparison, the conductivity of metals, used as conductors in conventional electronics, is typically between 10 4 and 10 6 S cm -1 and the mobility of silicon, one of the most commonly used inorganic semiconductors, is on the order of 10 3 cm 2 V -1 s -1 [2,23,24].…”

Section: Organic Electronics Versus Conventional Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressability and GHz Operation in Flexible Electronics

Sani

2016

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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The first principle is that you must not fool yourself and you are the easiest person to fool. -Richard FeynmanThe discovery of conductive polymers in 1977 opened up a whole new path for flexible electronics. Conducting polymers and organic semiconductors are carbon rich compounds that are able to conduct charges while flexed and are compatible with low-cost and large-scale processes including printing and coating techniques. The conducting polymer has aided the rapidly expanding field of flexible electronics, leading to many new applications such as electronic skin, RFID tags, smart labels, flexible displays, implantable medical devices, and flexible sensors.However, there are several remaining challenges in the production and implementation of flexible electronic materials and devices. The conductivity of organic conductors and semiconductors is still orders of magnitude lower compared to their inorganic counterparts. In addition, non-flexible inorganic semiconductors still remain the materials of choice for high frequency applications; since the charge carrier mobility and thus operational speed of the organic materials are limited. Therefore, there remains a high demand to combine the high frequency operation of inorganic semiconductors with the flexible fabrication methods of organic systems for future electronics.In addition to the challenges in the choice of materials in flexible electronics, the upscaling of the flexible devices and implementing them in circuits can also be complicated. Lack of non-linearity is an issue that arises when flexible devices with linear behavior need to be incorporated in an array or matrix form. Non-linearity is important for applications such as displays and memory arrays, where the devices are arranged as matrix cells addressed by their row and column number. If the behavior of cells in the matrix is linear, addressing each cell affects the adjacent cells. Therefore, inducing non-linearity and, consequently, addressability in such linear devices is the first step before scaling up into matrix schemes.In this work, non-linear organic/inorganic hybrid devices are produced to overcome the limitations mentioned above and leverage the advantages of both organic and inorganic materials. Two novel methods are developed to incorporate non-flexible inorganic semiconductors into ultra-high frequency (UHF) flexible devices. In the first method, Si is ground into a powder with micrometer-sized particles and printed through standard screen printing. For the first time, allprinted flexible diodes operating in the GHz range are produced. The energy harvesting application of the printed diodes is demonstrated in a flexible circuit coupling an antenna and the display to the diode.A second and simpler room-temperature method based on lamination was later developed, which further improves device performance and operational frequency. Here, a flexible semiconducting composite film consisting of Si microparticles, glycerol, and nano-fibrillated cellulose is produced and used as the semiconduct...

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Polymeric Material with Metal-Like Conductivity for Next Generation Organic Electronic Devices

Cited by 230 publications

References 42 publications

Improving the fabrication of all-polythiophene supercapacitors

Improving the fabrication of all-polythiophene supercapacitors

Understanding hopping transport and thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers

Addressability and GHz Operation in Flexible Electronics

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