Polymeric formulations used for loss circulation materials and wellbore strengthening applications in oil and gas wells: A review

Hamza, Ahmed; Shamlooh, Mohamed; Hussein, Ibnelwaleed A.; Nasser, Mustafa S.; Salehi, Saeed

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2019.05.022

Cited by 77 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Cr (VI) 250 [2] Cr (III) 615 [2] Co (II) 3672 [42,43] Ni (II) 11,000 [44] Cu (II) 1600 [45] Ti (IV) 2775 [46]…”

Section: Type Ld 50 (Mg/kg Body) Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sandstone reservoirs are associated with high permeability zones, whereas carbonates are naturally fractured. Crosslinked polymers have shown high efficiency in solving theses conformance control problems compared to conventional treatments such as mechanical sealing using Packers or cement squeezing [2][3][4][5]. Polyacrylamide (PAM) crosslinked by organic or inorganic crosslinkers is the most commonly applied type of polymer because of the ability to withstanding reservoir salinity and high-temperature conditions as well as its relatively low cost for field applications [2,[6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Greener D-Metal Inorganic Crosslinkers for Polymeric Gels Used in Water Control in Oil and Gas Applications

2020

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Crosslinkable polymers, such as polyacrylamide (PAM), are widely applied for water control in oil and gas reservoirs. Organic and inorganic crosslinkers are used to formulate a gel with PAM. Although chromium has a high level of toxicity, it has been implemented as an effective crosslinker combined with carboxylates because of the controllability of crosslinking time at low temperatures. The objective of this work was to develop greener d-metal inorganic crosslinkers based on cobalt, copper, and nickel to replace chromium for application at reservoir conditions. The obtained results showed that the gelation chemistry of the developed systems depends on the metal charge density. The gelation of PAM with d-metals depends on pH and temperature for low- and high-charge density, respectively. Cobalt (II) acetate (CoAc) was effective at high temperatures (130–150 °C) and forms (4% CoAc + 9%PAM) stable, and strong gels at a pH > 7 with a storage modulus exceeding 4300 Pa. However, Nickel Acetate and Cupper Acetate formed stable weak gels at low temperatures (50–70 °C) and a pH > 6 and gel decomposition was observed upon increasing the temperature. The developed formulations were compatible with low-salinity water (1000 ppm NaCl).

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“…Cr (VI) 250 [2] Cr (III) 615 [2] Co (II) 3672 [42,43] Ni (II) 11,000 [44] Cu (II) 1600 [45] Ti (IV) 2775 [46]…”

Section: Type Ld 50 (Mg/kg Body) Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Greener D-Metal Inorganic Crosslinkers for Polymeric Gels Used in Water Control in Oil and Gas Applications

2020

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“…12,13 In addition, many studies have investigated the crosslinkability of natural polymers including but not limited to starch, sucrose, guar gum and other polysaccharides. 14 Polymer rheology is the science that deals with the deformation and flow of polymeric materials. 15 In view of the diversity and complexity of rheological behavior, several models were proposed to describe the bulk rheology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the rheological and flow characteristics of a supramolecular gel in fractures

Wang

Sun

Shen

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Loss circulation is one of the major concerns in drilling and well construction.An effective way to control drilling fluid loss and strengthen the wellbore is to plug fractures and holes with loss circulation materials. In this work, a hydrophobic association supramolecular hydrogel GP-A developed by n-dodecylacrylamide, methacrylamide and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid was proposed as a potential lost circulation material for malignant drilling fluid loss. The results show that the initial decomposition temperature of GP-A was 172 C, and the flow characteristics conform to the Herschel-Bulkley model with yield stress. Microstructural analysis shows that GP-A gel with a 3D spatial network, and hydrogen bonds between branched chains form a dynamically recoverable structure. Based on POLYFLOW, the Phan Thien-Tanner model with viscoelastic parameters was used to simulate the viscoelastic flow characteristics of the fluid in fractures. The higher the concentration is, the greater K, and the higher the inlet driving pressure, while the nonlinear relationship between the driving pressure and the gel slug length is evident.

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“… 8 , 9 Nevertheless, chemical treatments have been shown to cope with the problem more efficiently. 10 In situ crosslinkable polymers have been widely used for water shut-off where the formulation is designed to be injected as a liquid and the gelation is to be complete in the designated area, leading to plugging the water-producing zone. 11 Moreover, gelling system has wide flexibility, allowing for alternative designs for the differently characterized reservoirs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 16 , 17 Nonetheless, organic crosslinkers are not favored in reservoirs characterized with moderate to low temperatures (<80 °C) because of the long gelation time they have at these conditions. 10 On the other hand, inorganic crosslinkers are best suited for such reservoirs where the temperature allows for a controllable gelation time. 7 , 18 Inorganic crosslinkers form a colloidal dispersion in the polymeric solution; they are described by having a multivalent metallic base (M n + ) associated with the ligand where the crosslinking is achieved by the initiation of coordination bonds between the metal and the functional groups on the base polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of pH-Controlled Aluminum-Based Polymeric Gel for Conformance Control in Sour Gas Reservoirs

et al. 2020

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Excessive water production from natural gas reservoirs is a main challenge facing the industry nowadays. Polymeric gelants have been widely applied to seal the water production zones, leading to a more feasible production operation. Nevertheless, conventional treatments fail in reservoirs characterized with the presence of sour gases. In this paper, aluminum-based salts are investigated as potential replacement for the conventional chromium acetate as crosslinkers for polyacrylamide (PAM), where aluminum has the advantage of being more environment-friendly besides its abundance. The investigation covers the whole pH range and examines the rheological behavior of the mature gels in the temperature range between 25 and 100 °C. While chromium acetate was proven to be sensitive to the presence of sour gases, namely, CO 2 and H 2 S, because of the inability to produce a stable gel at the acidic conditions, this paper presents aluminum-based crosslinkers that are more tolerable toward high acidity. Unlike the conventional crosslinkers, the gelation rate in aluminum acetate and aluminum aminoacetate systems was found to decrease with the increase in pH. Both the crosslinkers succeeded in producing a strong gel with a storage modulus of more than 2000 Pa. Moreover, this study relates the physical stability of the colloidal aluminum crosslinkers with the viscoelastic behavior of the mature gel. The results reveal that aluminum acetate, among the screened salts, has a controllable gelation time at pH conditions between 3.5 and 8.5 and is the most stable in the temperature range 25–100 °C. PAM/ AlAc system has a gelation time of around 50 min at 75 °C making it suitable for near-wellbore treatments, while the gelation time increased to 80 min upon increasing the pH of the system from 4.1 to 4.6. Moreover, the system showed good stability in saline conditions with NaCl concentration of up to 50,000 ppm. Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-dried samples proved the uniform distribution of colloidal crosslinkers and showed sheets wrapping around the colloidal particles. The performance of the new crosslinker is compared with available commercial crosslinkers.

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Polymeric formulations used for loss circulation materials and wellbore strengthening applications in oil and gas wells: A review

Cited by 77 publications

References 53 publications

Development of Greener D-Metal Inorganic Crosslinkers for Polymeric Gels Used in Water Control in Oil and Gas Applications

Development of Greener D-Metal Inorganic Crosslinkers for Polymeric Gels Used in Water Control in Oil and Gas Applications

Research on the rheological and flow characteristics of a supramolecular gel in fractures

Development of pH-Controlled Aluminum-Based Polymeric Gel for Conformance Control in Sour Gas Reservoirs

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