Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis and Identification of Distinct Variants of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in the United Arab Emirates

Schwarz, Tino F.; Nsanze, H; Longson, Maurice; Nitschko, Hans; Gilch, Sabine; Shurie, Hassan; Ameen, A. S.; Zahir, Abdul R. M.; Acharya, Upendra G.; Jäger, Gundula

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.190

Cited by 101 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…The first published CCHFV sequence data was of the S RNA segment (which encodes the viral nucleoprotein) of the Chinese sheep isolate C68031 (Marriott and Nuttall, 1992). Since then, several additional S segment sequences from CCHFV isolates from different regions of the world have been published (Schwarz et al, 1996;Rodriguez et al, 1997;Papa et al, 2002a;Drosten et al, 2002b;Yashina et al, 2003). Analysis of these sequences show considerable genetic differences (Fig.…”

Section: Strain Variation and Phylogenetic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). For example, several CCHFV S segment sequences of PCR products obtained directly from infected patients from the 1994-1995 outbreak in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) showed a divergence of 10.0-11.8% when compared with the Chinese sheep isolate C68031; however, most of the nucleotide changes were in the third position (Schwarz et al, 1996). Two isolates obtained from Kosovo in 2001 (Papa et al, 2002b) showed a 17% difference in nucleotide sequence in the S segment from the Nigerian strain IbAr 10200, while differing only by 4% from the Drosdov strain, originally isolated from the blood of a patient in Russia.…”

Section: Strain Variation and Phylogenetic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because RT-PCR detects the genetic material of the virus, and can be designed to be highly specific, it is possible to make a presumptive diagnosis of CCHF without the need to culture the virus, which would require the use of specialized biocontainment laboratory facilities. Indeed, due to the high sensitivity of RT-PCR, positive results can often be obtained from samples which are culture negative (Schwarz et al, 1996). In addition, the assay can be applied retrospectively to stored serum samples.…”

Section: Molecular Diagnostic Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amplified viral complementary DNA (cDNA) can be sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Using this approach, the source of a CCHF outbreak in the United Arab Emirates was determined (Rodriguez et al, 1997) and phylogenetically distinct viral variants were identified (Schwarz et al, 1996).…”

Section: Molecular Diagnostic Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

2004

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the arbovirus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is a member of the Nairovirus genus (family Bunyaviridae). CCHF was first recognized during a large outbreak among agricultural workers in the mid-1940s in the Crimean peninsula. The disease now occurs sporadically throughout much of Africa, Asia, and Europe and results in an approximately 30% fatality rate. After a short incubation period, CCHF is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, back, and abdominal pains. Additional symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, neuropsychiatric, and cardiovascular changes. In severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations, ranging from petechiae to large areas of ecchymosis, develop. Numerous genera of ixodid ticks serve both as vector and reservoir for CCHFV; however, ticks in the genus Hyalomma are particularly important to the ecology of this virus. In fact, occurrence of CCHF closely approximates the known world distribution of Hyalomma spp. ticks. Therefore, exposure to these ticks represents a major risk factor for contracting disease; however, other important risk factors are known and are discussed in this review. In recent years, major advances in the molecular detection of CCHFV, particularly the use of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in clinical and tick samples have allowed for both rapid diagnosis of disease and molecular epidemiology studies. Treatment options for CCHF are limited. Immunotherapy and ribavirin have been tried with varying degrees of success during sporadic outbreaks of disease, but no case-controlled trials have been conducted. Consequently, there is currently no antiviral treatment for CCHF approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, renewed interested in CCHFV, as well as increased knowledge of its basic biology, may lead to improved therapies in the future. This article reviews the history, epidemiology, ecology, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of CCHF. In addition, recent advances in the molecular biology of CCHFV are presented, and issues related to its possible use as a bioterrorism agent are discussed.

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Section: Strain Variation and Phylogenetic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strain Variation and Phylogenetic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Diagnostic Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Diagnostic Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

2004

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“…An RTnested PCR which amplifies a 240-bp fragment of the S RNA genome segment of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) [1] was applied and resulted positive. A quantitative real time PCR revealed high CCHF viral load, as is usually seen in fatal cases [2].…”

Section: Laboratory Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Greece, June 2008

et al. 2008

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A 46-year-old woman with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) died in a hospital in Alexandroupoli, in north-eastern Greece, in the end of June 2008. The woman was admitted to the hospital four days earlier, with fever, malaise, myalgia, chills and abdominal pain. One day before death, her condition deteriorated rapidly and she developed heavy hemorrhage from the genital tract, DIC and multi-organ failure. The patient reported a tick bite four days before admission, and that she had tried to remove the tick herself. No travel abroad was reported. She was engaged in agricultural activities in a rural area near the town of Komotini, in Rhodope prefecture, south of the Greek-Bulgarian border.

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Genetic analysis of crimean‐congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Iran

Chinikar

Persson

Johansson

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a potentially fatal disease caused by a tick-borne virus in the family Bunyavridae. The disease occurs in parts of Africa, Asia, Middle East, and Eastern Europe. During recent years, an increasing number of human CCHF cases have been diagnosed in Iran, but very little information is available on the prevalence and genetic diversity of CCHFV in Iran. In the present study, CCHF virus (CCHFV) isolates from nine Iranian patients infected during 2002 were examined genetically. Nucleotide sequencing of the S- and M-segments, encoding the nucleocapsid protein (NP) and the glycoproteins, respectively, revealed that the different isolates were related closely to each other with nucleotide sequence identities exceeding 98% for both S- and M-segments. Phylogenetic analysis of partial S-segment nucleotide sequences showed that the viruses clustered along with strains from Pakistan and Madagascar in one distinct lineage. Phylogenetic analysis also demonstrated that the Iranian isolates examined in this study and the previously published CCHFV strain ArTeh193-3 clustered into different genetic groups, indicating that at least two genetic lineages of CCHFV could be co-circulating in Iran.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis and Identification of Distinct Variants of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in the United Arab Emirates

Cited by 101 publications

References 0 publications

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

A case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Greece, June 2008

Genetic analysis of crimean‐congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Iran

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