Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Identity Assay for Pathogenic Turkey Eimeria

Cook, Stephanie; Higuchi, Deborrah S.; McGowan, Alexandria L.; Schrader, Joan S.; Withanage, G. S. K.; Francis, Michael J.

doi:10.1637/9271-020310-reg.1

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Therefore, when looking only at ITS1 these two strains could be considered as two different species but it is known that ITS1 varies strongly both between strains as well as between species, and it is not a reliable marker for inferring phylogenetic relationships of chicken Eimeria (Lew et al 2003). Moreover, there can be more variants of an internal transcribed spacer present within a single genome and these copies can also differ significantly (Lew et al 2003; Cantacessi et al 2008; Cook et al 2010). The recently published diagnostic PCR for turkey coccidia (Cook et al 2010) that is based on ITS1 sequences includes only sequence homologous to the KR strain, and the alignment of the sequences of primers developed for E. adenoeides to ITS1 of the KCH strain indicates that this PCR will probably fail to detect the KCH strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, there can be more variants of an internal transcribed spacer present within a single genome and these copies can also differ significantly (Lew et al 2003; Cantacessi et al 2008; Cook et al 2010). The recently published diagnostic PCR for turkey coccidia (Cook et al 2010) that is based on ITS1 sequences includes only sequence homologous to the KR strain, and the alignment of the sequences of primers developed for E. adenoeides to ITS1 of the KCH strain indicates that this PCR will probably fail to detect the KCH strain. Comparison of COI sequences revealed that these genes are translated to the identical protein although the DNA sequences differ by multiple synonymous substitutions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the literature, 7 species that infect the turkey host ( Meleagris gallopavo ) are recognized – E. adenoeides , E. dispersa , E. gallopavonis , E. innocua , E. meleagridis , E. meleagrimitis and E. subrotunda (for review see Chapman, 2008). However, there are doubts about the taxonomic integrity of E. meleagrimitis (Cook et al 2010) and due to the inconsistency of data in the literature and the lack of molecular characterization, correct species identification can be difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Description of the two strains of turkey coccidia Eimeria adenoeides with remarkable morphological variability

Poplstein

Vrba

2011

Parasitology

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Although oocyst morphology was always considered as a reliable parameter for coccidian species discrimination we describe strain variation of turkey coccidia, Eimeria adenoeides, which remarkably exceeds the variation observed in any other Eimeria species. Two strains have been isolated - the first strain maintains the typical oocyst morphology attributed to this species - large and ellipsoidal - while the second strain has small and ovoid oocysts, never described before for this species. Other biological parameters including pathogenicity were found to be similar. Cross-protection between these 2 strains in 2 immunization and challenge experiments was confirmed. Sequencing and analysis of 18S and ITS1 ribosomal DNA revealed a close relationship according to 18S and a relatively distant relationship according to ITS1. Analysis of 18S and ITS1 sequences from commercial turkey coccidiosis vaccines Immucox®-T and Coccivac®-T revealed that each vaccine contains a different strain of E. adenoeides and that these strains have 18S and ITS1 sequences homologous to the sequences of the strains we have isolated and described. These findings show that diagnostics of turkey coccidia according to oocyst morphology have to be carried out with caution or abolished entirely. Novel PCR-based molecular tools will be necessary for fast and reliable species discrimination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Description of the two strains of turkey coccidia Eimeria adenoeides with remarkable morphological variability

Poplstein

Vrba

2011

Parasitology

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“…They have been widely used in the identification of all the seven species of Eimeria in chickens using specific primers (Haug et al 2007(Haug et al , 2008Hamidinejat et al 2010;Jenkins et al 2006). Although Lew et al (2003) reported significant variation among E. maxima isolates of different samples indicating the use of two distinct primers for this species, ITS-1 is highly sensitive due to high number of rDNA repeats and provides diagnostic tool for accurate identification of Eimeria species in turkey and rabbit (Vrba et al 2010;Cook et al 2010;Oliveira et al 2011). Targeting primers at conserved ribosomal DNA sequences (5.8S and 28S) have also been used in Eimeria species identification with high level of genetic variants (Morris et al 2007;Cantacessi et al 2008).…”

Section: Identification and Diagnosis Of Eimeria Parasitementioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and control of chicken coccidiosis: a recent update

Fatoba

Adeleke

2018

J Parasit Dis

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Coccidiosis is a deadly disease that hampers chicken's productivity and welfare. Thus, the disease is a major menace to the global poultry industry. Coccidiosis which is caused by the apicomplexan parasite of the genus Eimeria has seven known species which affect the different parts of the intestinal tract of chickens. The disease which occurs by ingestion of sporulated oocyst has been associated with poor poultry management system. Mixed infection among the species of this parasite contributes to both pathogenicity and misdiagnosis of the disease. A progress in identification and diagnosis approach which cuts across pathological, morphological and molecular has been reported for this parasite. Control measures which include anticoccidial drugs, vaccines and natural products have dominated literature for this disease. However, the emergence of genetic and antigenic diversity with implication on resistance to anticoccidials among different strains of Eimeria parasite has generated concerns on the effectiveness of the current anticoccidial vaccines. A new look on the control strategy therefore becomes imperative. This study reviews the current trends on the identification and control of chicken coccidiosis with focus on (1) Avian coccidiosis (2) Epidemiology of chicken coccidiosis (3) Eimeria parasite and distribution in poultry (4) Diagnosis of Eimeria parasite (5) Control measures of coccidiosis (6) Threats posed by genetic and antigenic diversity of Eimeria parasite on coccidiosis control. Genomic study on diversity of Eimeria parasite becomes imperative for effective vaccine design against coccidiosis.

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“…Thus, ITS-1 sequences have served as genetic markers to identify Eimeria species (Cook et al 2010 ; Oliveira et al 2011 ). Based on the observed diversity, ITS-based species-specific primers have been developed for use in the identification of Eimeria species (Lew et al 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species from broilers and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

Fatoba

Zishiri

Blake

et al. 2020

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research

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This study was conducted from January to October 2018 with the objective to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species in broiler and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. A total of 342 faecal samples were collected from 12 randomly selected healthy broiler chicken farms and 40 free-range chickens from 10 different locations. Faecal samples were screened for the presence of Eimeria oocysts using a standard flotation method. The species of Eimeria isolates were confirmed by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) partial region and sequences analysis. Among broiler and free-ranging chickens, 19 out of 41 pens (46.3%) and 25 out of 42 faecal samples (59.5%) were positive for Eimeria infection. Molecular detection revealed the following species: Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria brunetti and Eimeria mitis in all the samples screened. Similarly, polymerase chain reaction assays specific for three cryptic Eimeria operational taxonomic units were negative for all the samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS-1 sequences supported species identity with the greatest variation detected for E. mitis . This study provides information on the range and identity of Eimeria species, and their genetic relatedness, circulating in commercially reared broilers and free-ranging chickens from different locations in KwaZulu-Natal province.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Identity Assay for Pathogenic Turkey Eimeria

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Description of the two strains of turkey coccidia Eimeria adenoeides with remarkable morphological variability

Description of the two strains of turkey coccidia Eimeria adenoeides with remarkable morphological variability

Diagnosis and control of chicken coccidiosis: a recent update

Study on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Eimeria species from broilers and free-range chickens in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

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