Description of the two strains of turkey coccidia <i>Eimeria adenoeides</i> with remarkable morphological variability

Poplstein, Martin; Vrba, Vladimir

doi:10.1017/s0031182011001090

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The smaller dimensions reported in the species description by Moore and Brown (1951) largely agree with the dimensions of the E. adenoeides Guelph strain (19±1.4 μm (17-22) by 14±0.9 μm (13-16, n=30) with SI of 1.3±0.1), similar to the KCH strain of Poplstein and Vrba (2011); the larger end of the dimensions reported in the original species description agree with the dimensions of E. gallopavonis. In a recent study (El-Sherry et al 2014) using sequence-based genotyping using mtCOI, E. adenoeides Guelph strain had a COI sequence that was identical to the E. adenoeides KCH strain, and the mtCOI sequence of E. meleagridis USAR97-01 matched that of E. adenoeides KR strain isolated by Poplstein and Vrba (2011).…”

Section: Reference Molecular Datasupporting

confidence: 68%

“…In a recent study (El-Sherry et al 2014) using sequence-based genotyping using mtCOI, E. adenoeides Guelph strain had a COI sequence that was identical to the E. adenoeides KCH strain, and the mtCOI sequence of E. meleagridis USAR97-01 matched that of E. adenoeides KR strain isolated by Poplstein and Vrba (2011).…”

Section: Reference Molecular Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The stability of these diagnostic features was questioned recently when Poplstein and Vrba (2011) isolated two strains of E. adenoeides that differed significantly in oocyst morphology. They described the E. adenoeides KR strain as possessing large ellipsoidal oocysts measuring ∼27.8×19.4 μm and a second E. adenoeides, the KCH strain, possessing a smaller oval oocyst ∼19.4×16.1 μm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Re-description of a genetically typed, single oocyst line of the turkey coccidium, Eimeria adenoeides Moore and Brown, 1951

et al. 2014

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The Guelph strain of Eimeria adenoeides was obtained from a commercial turkey flock in Ontario, Canada, in 1985. Single oocyst derived lines of E. adenoeides were propagated, and one of them used to re-describe biological and morphological features of E. adenoeides in the turkey. Oocysts of this strain are within the lower size ranges in the original species description reported by Moore and Brown (1951); oocysts of the Guelph strain averaged 18.7 ± 1.4 μm (16.7-22.5) by 14.3 ± 0.9 μm (13-16.2, n = 30) with a shape index (SI) of 1.3 ± 0.1. It is possible that the original species description was based, at least in part, on a mixed culture of two or more Eimeria species. Immature first-generation meronts of E. adenoeides Guelph strain were observed histologically at 32 h post-infection in the ileum and cecal neck. Early studies reported only two asexual generations suggested that first asexual cycle observed at 32 h post-infection was overlooked. In the present study, three asexual generations were observed before the start of gametogony. The Guelph strain is also characterized by a prepatent period of 112 h. The Guelph strain of E. adenoeides is a highly pathogenic coccidium that forms classic cecal lesions, including prominent caseous cecal cores, during moderate to severe infections. The maximum output of oocysts (1.77 × 10(7) per bird) was obtained from birds inoculated with 1 × 10(3) oocysts; maximum fecundity (1.55 × 10(5) oocyst shed per oocyst inoculated) was obtained with an inoculation of 1 × 10(2) oocysts, but fecundity dropped dramatically as the inoculation dose increased. To promote stability of the E. adenoeides species concept, neotype specimens (a parahapantotype slides series and phototype) have been designated and deposited for future reference.

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Section: Reference Molecular Datasupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Reference Molecular Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Re-description of a genetically typed, single oocyst line of the turkey coccidium, Eimeria adenoeides Moore and Brown, 1951

et al. 2014

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“…Based on these findings, it was concluded that under proper management conditions, Immucox-T would likely illicit a robust protective immune response against E. adenoeides and E. meleagrimitis homologous strains, but only partial and limited nonspecific protection against infection with other species. It is worth noting that no presently available coccidiosis vaccine marketed for turkey production in the United States contains all Eimeria species known to challenge respective hosts ( Poplstein and Vrba, 2011 ; Imai, 2018 ). However, given reports of E. gallopavonis and E. dispersa pathogenicity ( Wehr et al, 1962 ; Chapman, 2008 ; El-Sherry et al, 2017 ), and more notably, prevalence of E. gallopavonis detected herein, species inclusion in current commercial live coccidiosis vaccination strategies in turkey's calls for re-evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR identification and prevalence of Eimeria species in commercial turkey flocks of the Midwestern United States

Duff¹,

Briggs²,

Bielke³

et al. 2022

Poultry Science

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“…For example, the pairwise genetic distance of E. adenoeides and E. meleagridis of turkeys and E. tenella and E. necatrix of chickens was 98.2% and 98.4%, respectively. Interestingly, the COI partial sequences for E. adenoeides (KCH strain) and E. adenoeides (KR strain) [8], are 100% identical to the COI CDS of E. adenoeides (Guelph strain) and E. meleagridis (USAR97-01 strain), respectively, suggesting that the KCH and KR strains of E. adenoeides of Poplstein and Vrba [8] are distinct species rather than strains of a single species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete mitochondrial genome sequences from five Eimeria species (Apicomplexa; Coccidia; Eimeriidae) infecting domestic turkeys

et al. 2014

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BackgroundClinical and subclinical coccidiosis is cosmopolitan and inflicts significant losses to the poultry industry globally. Seven named Eimeria species are responsible for coccidiosis in turkeys: Eimeria dispersa; Eimeria meleagrimitis; Eimeria gallopavonis; Eimeria meleagridis; Eimeria adenoeides; Eimeria innocua; and, Eimeria subrotunda. Although attempts have been made to characterize these parasites molecularly at the nuclear 18S rDNA and ITS loci, the maternally-derived and mitotically replicating mitochondrial genome may be more suited for species level molecular work; however, only limited sequence data are available for Eimeria spp. infecting turkeys. The purpose of this study was to sequence and annotate the complete mitochondrial genomes from 5 Eimeria species that commonly infect the domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).MethodsSix single-oocyst derived cultures of five Eimeria species infecting turkeys were PCR-amplified and sequenced completely prior to detailed annotation. Resulting sequences were aligned and used in phylogenetic analyses (BI, ML, and MP) that included complete mitochondrial genomes from 16 Eimeria species or concatenated CDS sequences from each genome.ResultsComplete mitochondrial genome sequences were obtained for Eimeria adenoeides Guelph, 6211 bp; Eimeria dispersa Briston, 6238 bp; Eimeria meleagridis USAR97-01, 6212 bp; Eimeria meleagrimitis USMN08-01, 6165 bp; Eimeria gallopavonis Weybridge, 6215 bp; and Eimeria gallopavonis USKS06-01, 6215 bp). The order, orientation and CDS lengths of the three protein coding genes (COI, COIII and CytB) as well as rDNA fragments encoding ribosomal large and small subunit rRNA were conserved among all sequences. Pairwise sequence identities between species ranged from 88.1% to 98.2%; sequence variability was concentrated within CDS or between rDNA fragments (where indels were common). No phylogenetic reconstruction supported monophyly of Eimeria species infecting turkeys; Eimeria dispersa may have arisen via host switching from another avian host. Phylogenetic analyses suggest E. necatrix and E. tenella are related distantly to other Eimeria of chickens.ConclusionsMitochondrial genomes of Eimeria species sequenced to date are highly conserved with regard to gene content and structure. Nonetheless, complete mitochondrial genome sequences and, particularly the three CDS, possess sufficient sequence variability for differentiating Eimeria species of poultry. The mitochondrial genome sequences are highly suited for molecular diagnostics and phylogenetics of coccidia and, potentially, genetic markers for molecular epidemiology.

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Description of the two strains of turkey coccidia Eimeria adenoeides with remarkable morphological variability

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Re-description of a genetically typed, single oocyst line of the turkey coccidium, Eimeria adenoeides Moore and Brown, 1951

Re-description of a genetically typed, single oocyst line of the turkey coccidium, Eimeria adenoeides Moore and Brown, 1951

PCR identification and prevalence of Eimeria species in commercial turkey flocks of the Midwestern United States

Complete mitochondrial genome sequences from five Eimeria species (Apicomplexa; Coccidia; Eimeriidae) infecting domestic turkeys

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