Polymerase Chain Reaction and blood culture for diagnosis of canine sepsis

Silveira, M. V. D.; Cândido, Stéfhano Luís; Santos, Karin Rinaldi dos; Maia, Maerle Oliveira; Souza, Roberto Lopes de; Sousa, Valéria Régia Franco; Almeida, Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de; Dutra, Valéria

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20170871

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The yield of positive blood cultures matched our hypothesized proportion of 20%, which was toward the lower end of the range of previously reported literature 3–7,9,11 . Given the low number of submissions and reasons for blood culture that we documented, it is likely that this cohort reflects a highly selected population whereby the diagnosis was obscure, blood culture was thought to be of high yield, or direct culture from the source of infection was difficult.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…There is no consensus on obtaining blood cultures routinely in companion animals with suspected sepsis, and there is a paucity of evidence concerning their utility. The reported yield of positive blood culture in varied cohorts of dogs and cats is 15%–49% 3–9 . However, these studies were not necessarily focused on the general utility of blood culture, and many are outdated 4,6,7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective evaluation of the utility of blood cultures in dogs (2009–2018): 45 cases

Saarenkari

Sharp

Smart

2021

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Background There is no consensus on obtaining blood cultures routinely in companion animals with suspected sepsis, and there is a paucity of evidence concerning their utility. The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine the yield of positive blood cultures from hospitalized dogs, the prevalence of resistant bacteria, and the frequency and nature of changes to antimicrobial therapy once the culture result became available. Key Findings Forty‐five dogs had a blood culture submitted over a 10‐year period, of which 9(20%) yielded positive growth and 36 (80%) yielded no bacterial growth. The most frequent reasons for submission of blood culture were pyrexia of unknown origin (n = 14), suspected soft tissue infection (7), and suspected discospondylitis (7). The most frequent final diagnoses were soft tissue infection (n = 11), discospondylitis (7), and unknown (6). No significant difference was found between the culture‐positive versus culture‐negative groups with regard to the most frequent reasons for blood culture (P = 0.55), final diagnoses (P = 0.80), survival until the blood culture result (P = 0.37), or whether the infection was hospital‐ or community‐acquired (P = 0.99). There were significantly more immunosuppressed dogs in the culture‐positive group (P = 0.02). Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was documented in all dogs with susceptibility reported. In the culture‐positive dogs, 63% had antimicrobial de‐escalation and none had escalation, whereas 19% of the culture‐negative dogs had de‐escalation and 7% had escalation. Conclusion Blood cultures were submitted infrequently, but the proportion of resistance was higher than expected and supports the use of blood cultures in cases of suspected infection resulting in bacteremia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective evaluation of the utility of blood cultures in dogs (2009–2018): 45 cases

Saarenkari

Sharp

Smart

2021

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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“…It is likely that the current veterinary definitions will be ultimately reconsidered because there is no consensus in veterinary medicine (SHARP, 2019); however, other authors do not know whether Sepsis-3 applies to veterinary medicine (LETENDRE; GOGGS, 2018). Therefore, the criteria chosen in this study was defined by Hauptman et al (1997) and is still used by researchers for defining sepsis in dogs (WALTERS et al, 2017;HARDY et al, 2018;LETENDRE;GOGGS, 2018;SILVEIRA et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and hematological prognostic factors in dogs with parvoviral enteritis and sepsis

Alves

Barbosa

Coelho

et al. 2019

SCA

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Parvoviral enteritis is a common viral infection in dogs and is associated with many clinical and hematological changes. Bacterial translocation is a common complication and may result in sepsis. The objective of this study is to determine the presence of clinical and hematological factors associated with the risk of death in puppies with naturally occurring parvoviral enteritis and sepsis. Twenty-four dogs with parvoviral enteritis confirmed by chromatographic immunoassay during the clinical routine of a university veterinary hospital were selected. At admission and every 24 hours until the third day of hospitalization or until death, venous blood samples were collected for complete blood count, renal and hepatic biochemistry, and lactate and magnesium measurement; arterial blood samples were collected for gas analysis. Sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium were also analyzed, and a complete physical examination was performed. The factors associated with mortality were evaluated by Cox univariate analysis at a level of significance of 5%. The increase in urea and heart rate was associated with an increase in the risk of death. In contrast, an increase in total leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, partial pressure of oxygen, base deficit, bicarbonate ion, and oxygen saturation were associated with a reduction in the risk of death.

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“…Blood cultures (BCs) are considered the gold standard diagnostic technique to identify and document bacteremia; however, they are expensive, and results may take several days. Advanced techniques such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been proposed to reduce the timeline for identification of bacteremia, but these techniques do not provide information on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and do not replace the use of BCs in clinical practice ( 4 , 5 ). Additionally, conflicting results exist regarding the utility of PCR to detect bacteremia ( 5 , 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advanced techniques such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been proposed to reduce the timeline for identification of bacteremia, but these techniques do not provide information on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and do not replace the use of BCs in clinical practice ( 4 , 5 ). Additionally, conflicting results exist regarding the utility of PCR to detect bacteremia ( 5 , 6 ). The cost associated with performing serial BCs remains a major challenge and has led to variations in standard operating procedures, such as a reduction in specimens collected to reduce the total diagnostic cost ( 7 , 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-institutional retrospective study investigating blood culture protocols and test positivity in 701 dogs

Ogrodny,

Mani,

Schmid

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Objectives(i) To determine the influence of specimen collection protocol (timing and specimen quantity), primary disease process, and pre-existing antimicrobial or immunosuppressive therapy on blood culture (BC) positivity and (ii) To determine agreement between urine culture and BC results.Animals701 client-owned dogs.MethodsMulti-institutional retrospective study (2019–2022). Mixed-effect logistic regression was used to determine whether primary disease process, the number of BCs, or the timing of specimen collection was associated with BC positivity. Prediction plots were generated. Associations between urine culture and BC results were performed using logistic regression.ResultsDogs with a positive urine culture were more likely to have a positive BC (OR: 4.36, 95% CI: 2.12–8.97, p = 0.003). Dogs that had three BC specimens had the greatest odds of obtaining a positive BC result (adjusted predictive value: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.21–0.70), although this was not significant. Isolates from 38.5% of dogs with a positive BC had resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes. The timing between specimen collection had no significant association with BC positivity. Pre-existing antibiotic or immunosuppressive therapy had no significant association with BC positivity.Clinical relevanceDogs with a positive urine culture were more likely to have a positive BC result.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction and blood culture for diagnosis of canine sepsis

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Retrospective evaluation of the utility of blood cultures in dogs (2009–2018): 45 cases

Retrospective evaluation of the utility of blood cultures in dogs (2009–2018): 45 cases

Clinical and hematological prognostic factors in dogs with parvoviral enteritis and sepsis

Multi-institutional retrospective study investigating blood culture protocols and test positivity in 701 dogs

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