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Specific AChEI toxicity (ie, carbamate and organophosphate) has been reported in the veterinary literature with good prognosis for survival and hospital discharge. While the existing veterinary literature suggests that ventilatory failure is rare in this disease syndrome, consideration for treatment with MV must be made for patients that develop respiratory failure (associated with hypoventilation, bronchoconstriction, bronchorrhea, or aspiration pneumonia).

SnakeMap is a national cloud‐based, veterinary snakebite registry. It was designed to prospectively collect data of the clinical circumstances and temporospatial information on cases of snake envenomation in dogs and cats. We herein introduce the project and summarise the data from the first 4 years of SnakeMap. The registry is a veterinary community‐based online database allowing case entry from veterinary hospitals across Australia. Registry data comprise hospital characteristics, patient characteristics, envenoming snake type, treatment and outcome variables, including time and geolocation of the snake bite. We present summative information on select key variables from the SnakeMap registry (1 July 2015 to 30 June 2019). Twenty‐eight hospitals from 6 states/territories entered 624 cases into the registry, including 419 dogs (67%) and 205 cats (33%). Bite time was available in 216 animals of which 90 (42%) were reported to be bitten in the 3 hours between 03:00 pm and 05:59 pm; median bite to presentation interval was 60 (interquartile range [IQR] 30, 211) minutes in dogs and 95 (IQR 41, 238) minutes in cats. Bites occurred in the owner's yard in 356 dogs (85%) and 53 cats (26%). A snake venom detection kit was used in 172 cases (28%) and antivenom was administered in 523 cases (85%). Most animals (n = 534, 88%) survived to discharge (median hospitalisation of 25 [IQR 16, 62] hours). SnakeMap effectively collects relevant clinical data from dogs and cats with presumed snake bite and provides locally specific information on the epidemiology of snake envenomation in small animals.

Improving welfare and production in the peri-weaning period: Effects of co-mingling and intermittent suckling on the stress response, performance, behaviour, and gastrointestinal tract carbohydrate absorption in young pigs. Livestock Science, 203. pp. 82-91.

Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is a recently discovered pathogen of domestic cats and has been classified as a morbillivirus in the Paramyxovirus family. We determined the complete sequence of FeMV US5 directly from an FeMV-positive urine sample without virus isolation or cell passage. Sequence analysis of the viral genome revealed potential divergence from characteristics of archetypal morbilliviruses. First, the virus lacks the canonical polybasic furin cleavage signal in the fusion (F) glycoprotein. Second, conserved amino acids in the hemagglutinin (H) glycoprotein used by all other morbilliviruses for binding and/or fusion activation with the cellular receptor CD150 (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule [SLAM]/F1) are absent. We show that, despite this sequence divergence, FeMV H glycoprotein uses feline CD150 as a receptor and cannot use human CD150. We demonstrate that the protease responsible for cleaving the FeMV F glycoprotein is a cathepsin, making FeMV a unique morbillivirus and more similar to the closely related zoonotic Nipah and Hendra viruses. We developed a reverse genetics system for FeMV US5 and generated recombinant viruses expressing Venus fluorescent protein from an additional transcription unit located either between the phospho-protein ( P ) and matrix ( M ) genes or the H and large ( L ) genes of the genome. We used these recombinant FeMVs to establish a natural infection and demonstrate that FeMV causes an acute morbillivirus-like disease in the cat. Virus was shed in the urine and detectable in the kidneys at later time points. This opens the door for long-term studies to address the postulated role of this morbillivirus in the development of chronic kidney disease.

Background There is no consensus on obtaining blood cultures routinely in companion animals with suspected sepsis, and there is a paucity of evidence concerning their utility. The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine the yield of positive blood cultures from hospitalized dogs, the prevalence of resistant bacteria, and the frequency and nature of changes to antimicrobial therapy once the culture result became available. Key Findings Forty‐five dogs had a blood culture submitted over a 10‐year period, of which 9(20%) yielded positive growth and 36 (80%) yielded no bacterial growth. The most frequent reasons for submission of blood culture were pyrexia of unknown origin (n = 14), suspected soft tissue infection (7), and suspected discospondylitis (7). The most frequent final diagnoses were soft tissue infection (n = 11), discospondylitis (7), and unknown (6). No significant difference was found between the culture‐positive versus culture‐negative groups with regard to the most frequent reasons for blood culture (P = 0.55), final diagnoses (P = 0.80), survival until the blood culture result (P = 0.37), or whether the infection was hospital‐ or community‐acquired (P = 0.99). There were significantly more immunosuppressed dogs in the culture‐positive group (P = 0.02). Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was documented in all dogs with susceptibility reported. In the culture‐positive dogs, 63% had antimicrobial de‐escalation and none had escalation, whereas 19% of the culture‐negative dogs had de‐escalation and 7% had escalation. Conclusion Blood cultures were submitted infrequently, but the proportion of resistance was higher than expected and supports the use of blood cultures in cases of suspected infection resulting in bacteremia.

Objectives: To expand the number of conditions and interventions explored for their associations with thrombosis in the veterinary literature and to provide the basis for prescribing recommendations. Design: A population exposure comparison outcome format was used to represent patient, exposure, comparison, and outcome. Population Exposure Comparison Outcome questions were distributed to worksheet authors who performed comprehensive searches, summarized the evidence, and created guideline recommendations that were reviewed by domain chairs. The revised guidelines then underwent the Delphi survey process to reach consensus on the final guidelines. Diseases evaluated in this iteration included heartworm disease (dogs and cats), immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (cats), protein-losing nephropathy (cats), protein-losing enteropathy (dogs and cats), sepsis (cats), hyperadrenocorticism (cats), liver disease (dogs), congenital portosystemic shunts (dogs and cats) and the following interventions: IV catheters (dogs and cats), arterial catheters (dogs and cats), vascular access ports (dogs and cats), extracorporeal circuits (dogs and cats) and transvenous pacemakers (dogs and cats).Results: Of the diseases evaluated in this iteration, a high risk for thrombosis was defined as heartworm disease or protein-losing enteropathy. Low risk for thrombosis was defined as dogs with liver disease, cats with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, protein-losing nephropathy, sepsis, or hyperadrenocorticism. Conclusions:Associations with thrombosis are outlined for various conditions and interventions and provide the basis for management recommendations. Numerous knowledge gaps were identified that represent opportunities for future studies.

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