Polymer infused composite metal foam as a potential aircraft leading edge material

Marx, Jacob; Robbins, Samuel J.; Grady, Zane A.; Palmieri, Frank L.; Wohl, Christopher J.; Rabiei, Afsaneh

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144114

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Four sustainable panels such as geopolymer-based, PP, linseed-oil-based, and PLA were investigated. Marx et al 221 prepared a potential leading material for aircraft by infusing a hydrophobic two-part aromatic epoxy resin in a stainless steel composite metal foam (SS-CMF). The surface properties of the epoxy coupons were improved by adding an aminopropylterminated siloxane.…”

Section: Automobilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The epoxy resin filled the micro- and macropores of the foam which created a density similar to that of aluminum. It was concluded from the results that the resin-infused metal composite has the potential to provide greater wear resistance, extended operational lifetime, lower wettability, and excellent durability . PLA (specifically the l -isomer) has the potential to be used in automobiles as (i) it is relatively less expensive; (ii) it has commercial availability compared to other bioplastics; (iii) it has easy processability as it can be prepared by film-forming, sheet extrusion, thermoforming, injection molding, blow molding, and 3D printing techniques.…”

Section: Prospective Applications Of Durable Pla-based Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durable Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Based Sustainable Engineered Blends and Biocomposites: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities

2021

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The paper comprehensively reviews durable polylactic acid (PLA)-based engineered blends and biocomposites supporting a low carbon economy. The traditional fossil fuel derived nonrenewable durable plastics that cannot be circumvented have spawned increased environmental concerns because of the continuous rise of their carbon footprint during processing and disposal. It is anticipated that the production of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable (durable) plastics from the year 2020 to 2025 will rise ∼47% and ∼21%, respectively. The carbon footprint can be reduced in durable (nonrenewable) plastics by decreasing or replacing the “fossil carbon” content with “renewable carbon” content. The replacement will enable us to attain a sustainable environment, a low carbon footprint, energy security, and effective resource management. Thus, PLA-based durable products need to be developed with an enhanced service life that strikes a balance between environment-friendliness and product performance for engineering high-performance applications. The recent progress for enhancing the durability of PLA-based products consisting of hybrid nonrenewable and renewable carbon has been attained by incorporating synthetic plastics, synthetic fibers (glass and carbon), natural fibers, and other biofillers (biocarbon). Further, the effects of additives such as initiators, nucleating agents, chain extenders, compatibilizers, impact modifiers, and toughening agents to prepare such blends and composites have been discussed. This Review further critically examines the advances centering on processability, heat resistance, flame retardancy, strength, and toughness. In addition to that, current and prospective applications such as automotive, electronic, medical, textile, and housing of PLA-based products are discussed. However, the challenges for tailoring durable PLA-based products that still need to be addressed, such as improved processability, striking stiffness–toughness balance, enhanced heat resistance, and improved interfacial adhesion between the polymer–polymer, polymer–filler, and hybrid polymer–filler in respective polymer blends, composites, and hybrid composites, are summarized and analyzed in this Review. Hence, the opportunities for improvement to overcome the challenges lie ahead.

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Section: Automobilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prospective Applications Of Durable Pla-based Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durable Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Based Sustainable Engineered Blends and Biocomposites: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities

2021

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“…More rigid materials such as PMMA, used as a comparison group in this study, might stabilize the bag but will require a larger incision and capsulorhexis for it to be implanted in the bag. The study of new materials and structures has shown many technological advances in the past decades such as better batteries, athletic performance, and lightweight aerospace de- 1 University of Castilla La Mancha (Spain) 2 FYEO (The Netherlands) 3 Clinica Baviera (Spain) 4 OAPD (The Netherlands) 5 Hospital Puerta de Hierro (Spain) 6 Miranza Corporation (Spain) vices due to the use of carbon fiber and metal foam structures (14). The use of these new technologies has also been observed in the medical field, with for example the introduction of nitinol, a biocompatible, nonferromagnetic, thermal shape memory alloy made of 55% nickel and 45% titanium.…”

Section: Introduction Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biocompatibility of nitinol in the human body has extensively been demonstrated (4). Although nitinol is already being used for intraocular surgeries such as lens fragmentation and foreign body extraction (3,14), little is known about its intracapsular, long-term behavior (5,18).…”

Section: Introduction Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Biocompatibility of a Nitinol Capsular Tension Ring (CTR)

Aragon

Villada

Ruiz–Moreno

2022

The EuroBiotech Journal

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Introduction: The biocompatibility of nitinol in the human body has extensively been demonstrated. Although nitinol is already being used for intraocular surgeries such as lens fragmentation and foreign body extraction, little is known about its intracapsular, long-term behavior. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term uveal and capsular biocompatibility of a nitinol CTR placed in the capsular bag after cataract surgery in an animal model. Method: After approval of the study by the Institutional Animal Care and the Ethics Committee, bilateral phacoemulsification was performed in 6 rabbits; 1 eye received a nitinol CTR and the other a control polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) open-ended ring. Ophthalmic evaluation for the presence of infections in all 12 eyes was performed after 7 days, 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months follow-up period. After a follow-up period of 6 months, the eyes were enucleated, and a histopathologic evaluation was performed. Results: Neither of the groups showed any clinical signs of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) or inflammation. The nitinol group showed slightly less inflammation during histopathologic examination compared to the PMMA group. No biocompatibility issues have been observed in this animal study. Conclusions: There were no histological differences between eyes implanted with nitinol and eyes implanted with PMMA rings. Nitinol has proven to show high biocompatibility when implanted in the capsular bag of the rabbit eye.

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“…A constant improvement and development of aircraft materials is among the most important activities of engineers. Highly promising in this field are composite elements [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Their structure comprises conducting materials and polymers, and allows a significant lowering of the airplane weight without a major reduction in their durability and electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing of Conductive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Current Impulses Simulating Lightning Effects

et al. 2021

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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are lightweight and an increasingly used material with good mechanical properties. In the aviation industry, they are also required to have specific electrical properties that guarantee resistance to the direct and indirect lightning effects. The paper is focused on the description of a test stand and development of a method used to determine the electrical characteristics of conductive CFRP laminate samples with the use of high current impulses of lightning nature. Samples of three laminates (square format with side 30 × 30 cm) with a different composition were tested on the constructed stand, confirming the possibility of characterizing this type of laminate sample in terms of electrical conductivity and resistance to the effects of lightning current. It was possible to observe the impulse current flow (with a peak value up to 15 kA and a rise time above 6 µs) from the high voltage electrode placed in the center of the sample in all directions towards the edge. The optical fiber measuring system was used to record the voltage and current time waveforms. The energy stored in the impulse current generator was sufficient to simulate the mechanical damage, such as burnout and delamination, that accompanies the direct lightning strike to structural elements made of CFRP. The influence of the matrix composition used for laminate fabrication on the test results describing the electrical properties of the tested CFRP samples was noted. The experimental setup allows the testing of specimens with a maximum width and length of 50 × 50 cm and any thickness with a peak current of up to 50 kA.

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Polymer infused composite metal foam as a potential aircraft leading edge material

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Durable Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Based Sustainable Engineered Blends and Biocomposites: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities

Durable Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Based Sustainable Engineered Blends and Biocomposites: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities

Ocular Biocompatibility of a Nitinol Capsular Tension Ring (CTR)

Testing of Conductive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Current Impulses Simulating Lightning Effects

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