Polymer Electrolytes – New Opportunities for the Development of Multivalent Ion Batteries

Abstract

Batteries, as highly concerned energy conversion system, have a great development prospect in various fields, especially in the field of energy powered vehicles. Multivalent ion batteries are getting more attention due to their low cost, high abundance in earth crust, high capacity and safety compared with Lithium batteries. Despite above advantages, several problems still need to be solved before multivalent ion batteries achieve large‐scale application, such as interfacial parasitic reaction, anode passivation, and dendrites. The replacement of liquid electrolytes with gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) which pose high safety, high mechanical strength and simplified battery system, is an effective strategy to inhibit dendrite growth and improve electrochemical performance. This review mainly discusses the advantages and challenges of multivalent ion batteries including zinc, magnesium, calcium and aluminum batteries. Meanwhile, the major targets of this review are introducing the recent developments and making a summary of the future trends of GPEs in the multivalent ion batteries.

Cellulose Acetate‐Based High‐Electrolyte‐Uptake Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Semi‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries with Long‐Cycling Stability

“…The charac-teristic peak at around 1680 cm À 1 refers to the stretching vibration of C=O groups, which can facilitate the dissociation of lithium ion in cellulose acetate-based electrolytes. [26][27][28][29] The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of the cellulose acetate membrane is illustrated in Figure S3, showing a two-step decomposition of the acetyl and the main chain. [30] The decomposition temperature of the cellulose acetate membrane is roughly 217.4 °C, demonstrating the high thermal stability of cellulose acetate.…”

“…Figure S2 shows the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (FT‐IR) of the cellulose acetate membrane. The characteristic peak at around 1680 cm −1 refers to the stretching vibration of C=O groups, which can facilitate the dissociation of lithium ion in cellulose acetate‐based electrolytes [26–29] . The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of the cellulose acetate membrane is illustrated in Figure S3, showing a two‐step decomposition of the acetyl and the main chain [30] .…”

Advancing towards a Practical Magnesium Ion Battery

“…The polymers also can be used to make coating on the surface of cathode and anode electrodes. A main issue that must be studied in depth is the chemical compatibility between the polymers and the Mg anode [ 118 ]. The preparation based on in situ polymerization could improve the interface compatibility [ 119 ].…”

Lignin as Polymer Electrolyte Precursor for Stable and Sustainable Potassium Batteries

“…[35][36][37][38] In contrast, despite lower ion conductivity, (quasi-)solid state electrolytes offer improved safety and stability and can suppress potassium dendrite growth; among them, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) offer a higher charge mobility and adapt to the surface of the electrodes, ensuring a better interfacial electrochemical contact. [39][40][41][42] While many GPEs have been reported for both LIBs [39,43,44] and sodium-based systems, [45][46][47][48] the research on GPEs for PIBs is still in its infancy and has been mainly based on already established oil-derived polymeric matrices, such as poly(propylene carbonate), poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate). [49][50][51][52] In this framework, it should be considered that cells manufacturing at a large scale should pass through low-impact materials, ideally coming from spent batteries, other wastes or biosourced components.…”