Polymer electrolyte membranes containing titanate nanotubes for elevated temperature fuel cells under low relative humidity

Li, Qiong; Xiao, Chuan; Zhang, Haining; Chen, Feitai; Fang, Pengfei; Pan, Mu

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.05.082

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The XRD pattern of TiO 2 -NT in Figure 3 was in agreement with results of previous investigations [7][8][9] with slight differences in peak positions. This XRD pattern is quite different from the raw material anatase TiO 2 (JCPDS 00-021-1272).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…40-160 nm. The morphology of TiO 2 -NT in this study is actually very similar with samples in literatures which were prepared with similar hydrothermal method [7][8][9]12]. Interestingly, proton conductivity of TiO 2 -NT was previously found about 5.5 × 10 -6 S cm -1 at 300 K [15].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…When we searched the database PDF2-2004, several peaks could finely match a hydrogen titanium oxide hydrate (H 2 Ti 2 O 5 ·H 2 O, JCPDS 00-047-0124). Actually, it was suggested that the XRD pattern of TiO 2 -NT corresponded to the hydrogen titanate (H 2 Ti 3 O 7 ) structure [7][8][9], which may indicate a large amount of surface hydroxyl groups. However, according to Walsh's discussion [12], the understanding of the crystallography of TiO 2 -NT is inadequate due to a large number of crystal modifications for not only TiO 2 (anatase, rutile, and brookite) but also protonated forms of polytitanic acids (H 2m Ti n O 2n+m ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Fonseca and coworkers' later report, TiO 2 -NT exhibited better effects than TiO 2 nanoparticles on water retention of the composite membranes [8]. Zhang and coworkers found the power densities at 0.8 V for fuel cell with Nafion composite membranes containing 5 wt.% TiO 2 -NT were about 13 and 35% higher than that with pristine Nafion membrane at, respectively, 65 and 90°C under 50% relative humidity [9]. However, Zhang and coworkers also observed cracks of the composite membranes with TiO 2 -NT more than 5 wt.%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Recently, titanate nanotubes (TiO 2 -NT) were proposed promising fillers for composite PFSA membranes [7][8][9]. Fonseca and coworkers prepared Nafion membranes for temperatures up to 130°C by adding 5-15 wt.% titanate nanotubes into the recasted composites [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A PFSA Composite Membrane with Sulfonic Acid Functionalized TiO₂ Nanotubes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Water Electrolysers

Scott

2013

Fuel Cells

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Titanate nanotubes (TiO2‐NT) were functionalized with sulfonic acid functional groups and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Results confirmed that sulfonic acid groups were grafted onto TiO2‐NT with a uniform distribution. When the functionalized titanate nanotube (F‐TiO2‐NT) was incorporated in perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, the membrane conductivity and water uptake were improved. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells using 5 wt.% F‐TiO2‐NT incorporated composite membrane exhibited a peak power density of 429 mW cm–2 with non‐humidified O2 at 90 °C, which is about four times higher than that with Nafion 117 membrane at identical conditions. PEMWE with 5 wt.% F‐TiO2‐NT incorporated composite membrane achieved 1,000 mA cm–2 current density at voltages below 1.6 V at 90 °C without back pressurizing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A PFSA Composite Membrane with Sulfonic Acid Functionalized TiO₂ Nanotubes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Water Electrolysers

Scott

2013

Fuel Cells

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Non‐Fluorinated Polymer Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications – A Review

2019

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The critical component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is the proton exchange membrane (PEM). Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes such as Nafion are currently used for PEMFCs in industry, despite suffering from reduced proton conductivity due to dehydration at higher temperatures. However, operating at temperatures below 100 °C leads to cathode flooding, catalyst poisoning by CO, and complex system design with higher cost. Research has concentrated on the membrane material and on preparation methods to achieve high proton conductivity, thermal, mechanical and chemical stability, low fuel crossover and lower cost at high temperatures. Non‐fluorinated polymers are a promising alternative. However, improving the efficiency at higher temperatures has necessitated modifications and the inclusion of inorganic materials in a polymer matrix to form a composite membrane can be an approach to reach the target performance, while still reducing costs. This review focuses on recent research in composite PEMs based on non‐fluorinated polymers. Various inorganic fillers incorporated in the PEM structure are reviewed in terms of their properties and the effect on PEM fuel cell performance. The most reliable polymers and fillers with potential for high temperature proton exchange membranes (HTPEMs) are also discussed.

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Effect of functionalized trititanate nanotubes on the properties of crosslinked cationic polymer nanocomposite

et al. 2015

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The synthesis and characterization of a crosslinked polymer nanocomposite containing titanium oxide nanotubes as filler are presented. First, the TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized using a hydrothermal procedure and further functionalized using the organosilane reagent γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. Subsequently, the modified nanotubes were incorporated into a polymer matrix using in situ polymerization of a mixture of monomer, crosslinker and initiator. Diverse characterization techniques were used at different stages of the synthesis, including transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopies, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), solid‐state 29Si NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K. The as‐synthesized nanotubes correspond to the trititanate phase verified using XRD, and their presence within the nanocomposite was confirmed using TEM analysis. In addition, TiO2 particles were detected on the surface of the nanocomposite. The nanocomposite exhibited a slight increase of Vickers microhardness while the water absorption decreased with oxide content attributed to trititanate nanotubes acting as multifunctional crosslinker.© 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

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Polymer electrolyte membranes containing titanate nanotubes for elevated temperature fuel cells under low relative humidity

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

A PFSA Composite Membrane with Sulfonic Acid Functionalized TiO₂ Nanotubes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Water Electrolysers

A PFSA Composite Membrane with Sulfonic Acid Functionalized TiO₂ Nanotubes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Water Electrolysers

Non‐Fluorinated Polymer Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications – A Review

Effect of functionalized trititanate nanotubes on the properties of crosslinked cationic polymer nanocomposite

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Polymer electrolyte membranes containing titanate nanotubes for elevated temperature fuel cells under low relative humidity

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

A PFSA Composite Membrane with Sulfonic Acid Functionalized TiO2 Nanotubes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Water Electrolysers

A PFSA Composite Membrane with Sulfonic Acid Functionalized TiO2 Nanotubes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Water Electrolysers

Non‐Fluorinated Polymer Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications – A Review

Effect of functionalized trititanate nanotubes on the properties of crosslinked cationic polymer nanocomposite

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Product

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About

A PFSA Composite Membrane with Sulfonic Acid Functionalized TiO₂ Nanotubes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Water Electrolysers

A PFSA Composite Membrane with Sulfonic Acid Functionalized TiO₂ Nanotubes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Water Electrolysers