Polymer-Based Scale Inhibitors for Seawater Injection Operations in High-Salinity Formation Water Reservoirs

Obied, Marwa A.; AlKhaldi, Mohammed; Mubarak, Tariq A.; Yami, Ibrahim S.; Sahman, Faisal M.

doi:10.2118/177417-ms

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition to phosphates and phosphonates inhibitor, polymeric inhibitors have been used extensively. These inhibitors are based on different function groups such as polymaleic acid (PMA), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyphosphino carboxylic acid (PPCA) (Obied et al 2015). Currently, the addition of water-soluble polymers are also widely used and proved as effective scale inhibitors in oil fields (Can and Üner 2015;Huang et al 2019;Liu et al 2017).…”

Section: Polymer-based Scale Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review: the utilization potency of biopolymer as an eco-friendly scale inhibitors

Husna

Elraies

Shuhili

et al. 2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Scale formation is one of the major issues in the petroleum industry. The development of these scale layers could result in production losses and equipment instability because of pipeline blockage, energy leakage, corrosion acceleration and severe accidents which will impact the safety of the production process. The utilization of chemical scale inhibitors (SIs) is considered an economical and successful route for the scale prevention. Two main components of the chemical SIs are phosphonate and polymer. Many of the phosphorous compounds are toxic and very expensive. Besides, portions of the phosphonate compounds are thermally less stable than polymeric scale inhibitors in a harsh environment of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP). This is considered as an issue as a good scale inhibitor should be able to be applied under wide range of temperature and pressure. Therefore, the continuous development in petroleum production imposes the need to develop a novel phosphorus-free scale inhibitor. Meanwhile, polymers have been broadly applied as a scale inhibitor in oil and gas fields because of their enhanced thermal stability and improved environmental compatibility. Polymeric scale inhibitors also show better dispersing efficiency. Today, the biopolymers have pulled in a tremendous consideration from the industry to replace the utilization of synthetic polymer due to their interesting qualities such as their lightness, strong mechanical properties, and appealing functionality. Biopolymers are insensitive toward brine salinity yet are vulnerable to biological degradation. Specifically, these polymers present enormous potential for environmental application because of their biodegradability, chemical adaptability and reactivity, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. Recently, several new eco-friendly scale inhibitors have been reported in the literature. Hence, this paper provides a review of the utilization of biopolymer as scale inhibitor in the application of oil and gas industry under laboratory approach or field trial application. The types of scales, chemical scale inhibitors (SIs) and biopolymers are likewise reviewed here. The presented work in this paper is expected to enhance the fundamental understanding of scale formation, as well as contribute to the development process of biopolymer scale inhibitors.

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Section: Polymer-based Scale Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, the permeability of the core plug in core-flooding based adsorption experiment indicated that no formation damage has been recorded. The differential pressure is maintained at 20 psi (Obied et al 2015) (Table 3).…”

Section: Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Cmc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review: the utilization potency of biopolymer as an eco-friendly scale inhibitors

Husna

Elraies

Shuhili

et al. 2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…All of these factors are potential sources of injection decline. Obied (2015) performed geochemical analysis on the injected water after processing. Typical injected chemistry can be seen in Table 1 below.…”

Section: Injected Water Quality Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Field-Scale Injection Performance Analysis Associated with Injected Water Quality Parameters

Sabut

Al-Hajri

Al-Ajmi

et al. 2016

Day 2 Thu, February 25, 2016

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This paper presents a comprehensive injection performance analysis conducted in major carbonate fields in Saudi Arabia. The production from the fields under study is pressure-maintained by peripheral water injection. More than 190 case studies were examined to generate populated trends and draw relevant conclusions on parameters affecting injection performances. Petroleum engineering concepts/tools, such as pressure transient analysis, were heavily used in this work to establish the effective yearly injection decline rate for each well.Extensive and dedicated sampling of injected water was carried out as part of water quality monitoring to ensure that well plugging and internal corrosion was minimized. The total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, particle count and size distribution, acidity, iron count, sulfide content, and bacterial growth data were measured and synchronized with the respective wells' injectivity indices to identify potential sources of well injection impairments. Major events, such as when starting or switching the water injection system, were thoroughly factored into the water quality analysis and its subsequent effect on the injection performances.The well injection performance analysis was carried out using pressure-transient analysis data obtained from Fall-Off Test (FOT) surveys, where each well has a baseline II survey taken when the well was first drilled and completed. Dimensionless injectivity indices were defined to compute the injection potential of each well. Baseline surveys were then compared with the subsequent or the latest surveys, if any, based on which time-lapse measurement trends were generated and analyzed.Several key findings and recommendations, regarding setting appropriate limits to water quality parameters and injection surveillance strategy, are presented in light of the performed analysis.This paper also discusses production engineering efforts to mitigate the decline in well injectivity, including: water quality control, well stimulation initiatives to enhance injectivity, and analysis of well plugging characteristics/profiles and their relation to reservoir permeability.

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Preparation and Characterization of Chemical Agents for Augmenting Injectivity in Low Permeability Reservoirs

Zhao

Yang

2018

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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In this paper, experimental techniques have been developed to prepare and characterize chemical agents for augmenting injectivity in low permeability reservoirs. First, chemical agents are selected, formulated, and optimized on the basis of interfacial tension (IFT), scale inhibition ratio, and clay particle size distribution and specific surface area. The spinning drop method is utilized to measure the IFT between crude oil and the formulated solution, while contact angle between brine and rock surface is measured to examine effect of the chemical agents on the rock wettability. Also, scale inhibition ratio and antiswelling ratio are, respectively, measured by performing static-state scale inhibition experiments and centrifugation experiments. Then, displacement experiments are conducted to evaluate injectivity improvement after one pore volume (PV) of such formulated chemical agents has been injected into a core plug. It is found that the optimized solution consists of 0.15 wt % fluorocarbon surfactant FC-117, 4.00 wt % isopropanol, 1.20 × 10−3 wt % scale inhibitor 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA), and 1.50 wt % clay stabilizer diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC). The IFT between crude oil and the optimized solution can be reduced to 5.36 × 10−3 mN/m within a short time, while the scale inhibition ratio and antiswelling ratio are measured to be 94.83% and 86.96%, respectively. It is found from comprehensive evaluation experiments that such a formulated and optimized solution can not only alter the rock surface from oil-wet to water-wet but also reduce the scale formation of the reservoir brine. In addition, it is shown from displacement experiments that the pressure is decreased by 34.67% after the injection of such formulated solution. When the formulated solution contains 0–300,000 mg/L sodium chloride (NaCl) and 0–5000 mg/L calcium chloride (CaCl2) at 50–90 °C, the IFT between crude oil and the formulated solution can be reduced to lower than 10−2 mN/m.

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Polymer-Based Scale Inhibitors for Seawater Injection Operations in High-Salinity Formation Water Reservoirs

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

A review: the utilization potency of biopolymer as an eco-friendly scale inhibitors

A review: the utilization potency of biopolymer as an eco-friendly scale inhibitors

Comprehensive Field-Scale Injection Performance Analysis Associated with Injected Water Quality Parameters

Preparation and Characterization of Chemical Agents for Augmenting Injectivity in Low Permeability Reservoirs

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