Polymer–antibiotic conjugates as antibacterial additives in dental resins

Abstract

Dental resins containing polymer–antibiotic conjugates (PACs) demonstrate significant antibacterial properties.

Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA Dental Composite Resins Enriched with Quaternary Ammonium Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles

“…Zinc oxide [9,12,13], titanium dioxide [14,15], calcium phosphate [16,17], gold, and silver [18,19] are the most popular examples of the first group. The latter group is represented by antibiotics [20], chlorhexidine [9,21,22], furanone, ursolic acid, benzalkonium chloride, triclosan, and methacryloyloxydodecyl pyridinium bromide [9]; however, toxic responses of tissues adjacent to the reconstructions modified with these substances are often reported [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. chloride, triclosan, and methacryloyloxydodecyl pyridinium bromide [9]; however, toxic responses of tissues adjacent to the reconstructions modified with these substances are often reported [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

PEG Grafted Polymethacrylates Bearing Antioxidants as a New Class of Polymer Conjugates for Application in Cosmetology

“…In subsequent years, PHPMA conjugated with paclitaxel (PTX) [ 8 ], camptothecin (CPT) [ 9 ], and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with CPT [ 10 ] and poly(glutamic acid)-PTX [ 11 ] have been tested in clinical trials. Nowadays, numerous polymer–drug conjugates have been obtained to report sensitivity to external stimuli [ 12 , 13 ], biodegradability [ 14 ], antibacterial properties [ 15 , 16 ], applications in nuclear imagining [ 17 ], therapy for bone diseases [ 18 ], wound healing and tissue regeneration [ 19 ], and, most commonly, for cancer therapy [ 20 , 21 ]. Among the common strategies of conjugate synthesis, the azide−alkyne cycloaddition, as the “click” chemistry reaction, has received great interest, because of the numerous advantages, i.e., efficiency, insensitivity to oxygen and water, regio- and stereospecificity, as well as mild reaction conditions and easy isolation of the product [ 22 ].…”

Biodegradable Antibacterial Polymeric Nanosystems: A New Hope to Cope with Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria

“…Although the encapsulation of antibiotic drugs in nanosystems such as polymeric micelles, vesicles, or nanogels is successful in eradicating bacterial infection, the premature leakage or nonspecific release of the loaded drugs, especially the hydrophilic antibiotics, e.g., beta lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, is undesirable. To overcome this limitation, the antibiotic moieties can be chemically conjugated into polymers via various labile chemical bonds, such as amide, carbonate, ester, ether, urethane, which are susceptible to responsive degradation caused by bacterial enzymes or pH changes in the microenvironment …”

“…Moreover, the incorporation of antibacterial quaternary ammonium groups in the other end of the polymer chain further enhanced the antibacterial activities. In another approach, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was conjugated to ciprofloxacin via ester group, and the resultant monomer was polymerized by RAFT copolymerization to produce polymer‐antibiotic conjugates . This ciprofloxacin‐conjugated copolymer was used as antibacterial additives in dental resins for the eradication of bacterial infection in oral cavities, where the ester bonds would be hydrolyzed by the bacterial enzymes or local acidity.…”