Polygalacturonase, PGIP and oligogalacturonides in cell-cell communication

The grapevine polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (VvPGIP1) reduces Botrytis cinerea susceptibility in transgenic tobacco and differentially inhibits fungal polygalacturonases

“…These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the action of PGIPs during fungal attack is 2-fold; the physical interaction between PGIPs and PGs slows down the infection rate of the fungus and facilitates the prolonged existence of mid-sized oligogalacturonides (degree of polymerisation 11-20) which in turn can elicit a general defence response from the plant (De Lorenzo et al 1994;Hahlbrock et al 1995;Reymond et al 1995).…”

Xa21D Encodes a Receptor-Like Molecule with a Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain That Determines Race-Specific Recognition and Is Subject to Adaptive Evolution

“…It lacks the transmembrane domain characteristic of CF9 and the kinase domain characteristic of XA21. The predicted structure of the Xa21D gene product is highly similar to that of SLG (for S locus glycoprotein) and PGIP, which are secreted into the plant extracellular matrix (De Lorenzo et al, 1994;Nasrallah et al, 1994), suggesting that Xa21D may also be secreted and function extracellularly. The ability of Xa21D, encoding an LRR but lacking the transmembrane and kinase domains, to transduce a partial resistance response in a race-specific manner supports the hypothesis that the LRR plays the key role in X. o. oryzae recognition.…”

“…The LRR subclass of plant RKs includes proteins that govern pollen development, plant elongation, regulation of meristem and flower development, disease resistance, and brassinosteroid signal transduction, as well as other functions that remain to be determined (Chang et al, 1992;Valon et al, 1993; Song et al, 1995;Torii et al, 1996;Clark et al, 1997;Li and Chory, 1997). Plant LRRs have also been found in secreted proteins (polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins or PGIPs) (De Lorenzo et al, 1994) and in membrane-bound resistance gene products (Dixon et al, 1996). LRR domains are present in a variety of proteins involved in peptide ligand recognition, cell adhesion, and various other functions and are thought to mediate protein-protein interactions (Braun et al, 1991;Kobe and Deisenhofer, 1994).…”

Identification of Fusarium Moniliformin PG Inhibitor using Comparitive Bioinformatics Studies of PGIP of Pharsalus vulgaris and its Neighbours of LRR Superfamily

“…At least two related genes are present in raspberry, tomato, pear, and apple [10]. In the genome of P. vulgaris, a family of at least 5 genes is clustered on chromosome 10 [11], as confirmed by the isolation of two overlapping BAC clones. Five different genes have been characterized to date namely, Pvpgip1, Pvpgip2.1, Pvpgip2.2, Pvpgip3 and Pvpgip4.…”