Polyethyleneimine‐Functionalized Fluorescent Carbon Dots: Water Stability, pH Sensing, and Cellular Imaging

Wang, Chuanxi; Xu, Zhenzhu; Zhang, Chi

doi:10.1002/cnma.201500009

Cited by 122 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…According to what have been reported in the literature, 27,33 the aqueous solution thus obtained should be considered as a solution of CDots. Alternatively, also based on the protocol reported in the literature, 34,35 the same citric acid - PEI mixture in water (2 mL) was heated in a sealed stainless steel reactor up to 200 °C for 3 h. The reaction mixture back at ambient temperature and pressure was collected by washing with water (10 mL) to obtain a light brown solution, again considered as a solution of CDots. 34,35 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified facile synthesis for quantitatively fluorescent carbon dots

Hou

Ping

et al. 2017

Carbon

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A simple yet consequential modification was made to the popular carbonization processing of citric acid - polyethylenimine precursor mixtures to produce carbon dots (CDots). The modification was primarily on pushing the carbonization processing a little harder at a higher temperature, such as the hydrothermal processing condition of around 330 °C for 6 hours. The CDots thus produced are comparable in spectroscopic and other properties to those obtained in other more controlled syntheses including the deliberate chemical functionalization of preprocessed and selected small carbon nanoparticles, demonstrating the consistency in CDots and reaffirming their general definition as carbon nanoparticles with surface passivation by organic or other species. Equally significant is the finding that the modified processing of citric acid - polyethylenimine precursor mixtures could yield CDots of record-setting fluorescence performance, approaching the upper limit of being quantitatively fluorescent. Thus, the reported work serves as a demonstration on not only the need in selecting the right processing conditions and its associated opportunities in one-pot syntheses of CDots, but also the feasibility in pursuing the preparation of quantitatively fluorescent CDots, which represents an important milestone in the development and understanding of these fluorescent carbon nanomaterials.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified facile synthesis for quantitatively fluorescent carbon dots

Hou

Ping

et al. 2017

Carbon

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“…Wang et al synthesized blue fluorescent C-dots using citric acid as a carbon source and hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a surface passivation agent. 168 The resultant C-dots showed strong blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of up to 24.3% and high photo-and metal-stability, attributed to the protective surface passivation layer formed by PEI. Lu et al generated ionic liquid (IL) passivated C-dots from graphite electrodes using IL-assisted electrochemical exfoliation.…”

Section: Electronic Structure Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vivo bioimaging and biosensing based on functionalized C-dots was investigated by various researchers. 10,14,16,22,23,25,167,168,176,178,188,[198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210] The first work on C-dots for bioimaging applications was reported by the Sun group. 167 In this paper, the authors synthesized PEG 1500Npassivated C-dots via laser ablation and passivation.…”

Section: Bioapplicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the functionality of carbon nanodots: doping and surface functionalization

et al. 2016

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Distinct from conventional carbon nanostructures, such as fullerene, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, carbon nanodots (C-dots) exhibit unique properties such as strong fluorescence, high photostability, chemical inertness, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. Various synthetic routes for C-dots have been developed in the last few years, and now intense research efforts have been focused on improving their functionality. In this aspect, doping and surface functionalization are two major ways to control the chemical, optical, and electrical properties of C-dots. Doping introduces atomic impurities into C-dots to modulate their electronic structure, and surface functionalization modifies the C-dot surface with functional molecules or polymers. In this review, we summarize recent progress in doping and surface functionalization of C-dots for improving their functionality, and offer insight into controlling the properties of C-dots for a variety of applications ranging from biomedicine to optoelectronics to energy.

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“…[19][20][21][22][23] These unique properties made them outstanding in aw ide variety of applications, such as drug delivery,b ioimaging, and opticals ensing. [24][25][26][27][28] More recently,c arbon-dot-based fluorescent nanothermometry devices for spatially resolved temperature measurements in livingc ells have been achieved. [29,30] However,m ost carbon-dot-based temperature sensors rely on fluorescencequenching processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of Red‐Emitting Carbon Nanodots as a Novel “Turn‐on” Nanothermometer in Living Cells

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2016

Chemistry A European J

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Temperature measurements in biology and medical diagnostics, along with sensitive temperature probing of living cells, is of great importance; however, it still faces significant challenges. Herein, a novel "turn-on" carbon-dot-based fluorescent nanothermometry device for spatially resolved temperature measurements in living cells is presented. The carbon nanodots (CNDs) are prepared by a green microwave-assisted method and exhibit red fluorescence (λem =615 nm) with high quantum yields (15 %). Then, an on-off fluorescent probe is prepared for detecting glutathione (GSH) based on aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching. Interestingly, the quenched fluorescence could be recovered by increasing temperature and the CNDs-GSH mixture could behave as an off-on fluorescent probe for temperature. Thus, red-emitting CNDs can be utilized for "turn-on" fluorescent nanothermometry through the fluorescence quenching and recovery processes, respectively. We employ MC3T3-E1 cells as an example model to demonstrate the red-emitting CNDs can function as "non-contact" tools for the accurate measurement of temperature and its gradient inside a living cell.

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Polyethyleneimine‐Functionalized Fluorescent Carbon Dots: Water Stability, pH Sensing, and Cellular Imaging

Cited by 122 publications

References 51 publications

Modified facile synthesis for quantitatively fluorescent carbon dots

Modified facile synthesis for quantitatively fluorescent carbon dots

Improving the functionality of carbon nanodots: doping and surface functionalization

Green Synthesis of Red‐Emitting Carbon Nanodots as a Novel “Turn‐on” Nanothermometer in Living Cells

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