Polyethylene terephthalate/low density polyethylene/titanium dioxide blend nanocomposites: Morphology, crystallinity, rheology, and transport properties

Sangroniz, Leire; Ruiz, Joseba; Sangroniz, Ainara; Fernández, Mercedes; Etxeberria, Agustín; Müller, Alejandro J.; Santamaría, Antxón

doi:10.1002/app.46986

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…These results may arise from good chain packing of the rings in the main chain and higher T g (49 °C). These permeability results are similar to those of PET 23 (1.49 ± 0.11 g mm m −2 day −1 for water vapor, 0.09 ± 0.0 Barrer for oxygen, and 0.5 Barrer for carbon dioxide) and lower than LDPE (0.71 ± 0.12 g mm m −2 day −1 for water vapor, 5.42 ± 0.18 Barrer for oxygen, and 6.3 Barrer for carbon dioxide) 24 , widely employed in the packaging sector. The values are slightly higher than highly crystalline PHB (0.5 ± 0.08 g mm m −2 day −1 for water vapor and 0.01 ± 0.003 Barrer for oxygen) 22 , but significantly lower than PLLA (5.7 ± 0.5 g mm m −2 day for water vapor, 0.26 ± 0.01 Barrer for oxygen, and 1.2 Barrer for carbon dioxide) 22,25 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Packaging materials with desired mechanical and barrier properties and full chemical recyclability

et al. 2019

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Plastics have become indispensable in modern life and the material of choice in packaging applications, but they have also caused increasing plastic waste accumulation in oceans and landfills. Although there have been continuous efforts to develop biodegradable plastics, the mechanical and/or transport properties of these materials still need to be significantly improved to be suitable for replacing conventional plastic packaging materials. Here we report a class of biorenewable and degradable plastics, based on copolymers of γ-butyrolactone and its ring-fused derivative, with competitive permeability and elongation at break compared to commodity polymers and superior mechanical and transport properties to those of most promising biobased plastics. Importantly, these materials are designed with full chemical recyclability built into their performance with desired mechanical and barrier properties, thus representing a circular economy approach to plastic packaging materials.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Packaging materials with desired mechanical and barrier properties and full chemical recyclability

et al. 2019

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“…11 Nevertheless, despite these excellent properties of PET, the inherent notch sensitivity in fracture mode means that it fails to meet the requirements of certain applications as engineering plastics. [12][13][14] In general, conventional methods of toughening PET, such as the addition of thermoplastic elastomers, acrylic polymers or inorganic nanoparticles, can remarkably improve its mechanical toughness, but may be accompanied by loss of optical transparency. 15,16 Polycarbonate (PC), as an engineering thermoplastic with superior performance, not only simultaneously possesses high stiffness and impact toughness but also presents prominent optical properties and transparency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility and toughening mechanism of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate blends

Liu

Zhao

2020

Polymer International

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Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/polycarbonate (PC) blends with methyl methacrylate-styrene-butadiene copolymer as compatibilizer (CP) were prepared. Compared with pure PET, the notched impact strength of the blend was improved significantly, while high tensile strength and 50%-70% optical transparency could be maintained. In particular, for the PET/70 wt% PC sample the notched impact strength sharply increased by 955% with the addition of compatibilizer. The ΔT g of the two phases of the blends decreased on blending, exhibiting partial compatibility. Below 50 wt% PC, the dispersed PC phase presented uneven dispersion with large aggregates and a clear interface, while above 50 wt% PC a reverse phase transformation occurred and the PET phase was evenly dispersed in the PC matrix with small aggregates and obvious interface transition areas. The introduction of CP promoted spherical PC particles to uniformly disperse in the matrix, and the interface transition area of the two phases became very wide. Moreover, the CP itself ran through the matrix to form a 'quasi-network distribution' and the compatibility was greatly improved, thus leading to an obvious enhancement of the impact toughness of the blend.

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“…Recycling of waste plastic has become a worldwide trend, because of several benefits like saving manufacturing resources, lowering energy consumption, and minimizing the impact of plastics on the environment [2]. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used polymers in packaging, because of its good tensile strength, barrier properties, chemical resistance, elasticity, and the wide temperature range that it can support [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TiO 2 nanoparticles can be located in one of the phases, at the interface between the matrix and the dispersed phase, or in both places at the same time. The nanofiller location will be determined by the affinity of the nanoparticles to each phase [3,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Titanium Dioxide Surface Modification on the Dispersion, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties of Recycled PP/PET/TiO2 PBNANOs

et al. 2019

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have recently appeared in PET waste because of the introduction of opaque PET bottles. We prepare polymer blend nanocomposites (PBNANOs) by adding hydrophilic (hphi), hydrophobic (hpho), and hydrophobically modified (hphoM) titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to 80rPP/20rPET recycled blends. Contact angle measurements show that the degree of hydrophilicity of TiO2 decreases in the order hphi > hpho > hphoM. A reduction of rPET droplet size occurs with the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance controls the nanoparticles location. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM_ shows that hphi TiO2 preferentially locates inside the PET droplets and hpho at both the interface and PP matrix. HphoM also locates within the PP matrix and at the interface, but large loadings (12%) can completely cover the surfaces of the droplets forming a physical barrier that avoids coalescence, leading to the formation of smaller droplets. A good correlation is found between the crystallization rate of PET (determined by DSC) and nanoparticles location, where hphi TiO2 induces the highest PET crystallization rate. PET lamellar morphology (revealed by TEM) is also dependent on particle location. The mechanical behavior improves in the elastic regime with TiO2 addition, but the plastic deformation of the material is limited and strongly depends on the type of TiO2 employed.

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Polyethylene terephthalate/low density polyethylene/titanium dioxide blend nanocomposites: Morphology, crystallinity, rheology, and transport properties

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Packaging materials with desired mechanical and barrier properties and full chemical recyclability

Packaging materials with desired mechanical and barrier properties and full chemical recyclability

Compatibility and toughening mechanism of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate blends

The Effect of Titanium Dioxide Surface Modification on the Dispersion, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties of Recycled PP/PET/TiO2 PBNANOs

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