Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Solorzano, Christine M. Burt; McCartney, Christopher R.

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2020.10.003

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Then, the hyperandrogenic environment promotes postpubertal neuroendocrine dysfunction, impairing the GnRH pulse generator and resulting in increased LH and decreased FSH release. These neuroendocrine imbalances support the progression to PCOS development, further enhancing hyperandrogenemia and ovulatory dysfunction [11] (Figure 1).…”

Section: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome In Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thus, among the factors involved in the pathogenesis of this condition, the most characteristic seem to be abnormal ovarian steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis [8,9], IR and hyperinsulinemia [9][10][11] and reproductive neuroendocrine dysfunction [11,12]. The exact pathophysiological roles of these factors have not been elucidated yet, but recently [11], the pubertal ontogeny of PCOS has been addressed considering the abnormal development in girls at risk-that is, daughters of women with PCOS (PCOSd), girls with premature pubarche (PP) and those with obesity.…”

Section: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome In Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Insulin-Resistant Adolescents with Obesity: The Role of Nutrition Therapy and Food Supplements as a Strategy to Protect Fertility

et al. 2021

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in young reproductive-aged women. PCOS is often associated with obesity and impairs reproductive health. Even though several theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenic mechanism of PCOS, the role of insulin resistance (IR) as a key etiological component, independently of (but amplified by) obesity, is well recognized. The consequent hyperinsulinemia activates excessive ovarian androgen production, leading to PCOS. Additionally, the state of chronic inflammation related to obesity impacts ovarian physiology due to insulin sensitivity impairment. The first-line treatment for adolescents with obesity and PCOS includes lifestyle changes; personalized dietary interventions; and, when needed, weight loss. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and the use of specific food supplements in these patients aim at improving symptoms and signs, including insulin resistance and metabolic and reproductive functions. The purpose of this narrative review is to present and discuss PCOS in adolescents with obesity, its relationship with IR and the role of MNT and food supplements in treatment. Appropriate early dietary intervention for the management of adolescents with obesity and PCOS should be considered as the recommended approach to restore ovulation and to protect fertility.

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Section: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome In Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome In Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Insulin-Resistant Adolescents with Obesity: The Role of Nutrition Therapy and Food Supplements as a Strategy to Protect Fertility

et al. 2021

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“…PCOS diagnosis relies on the well-established Rotterdam criteria [6], where ultrasound is used for ovary examination and laboratory methods are applied to measure sex hormones (primarily, serum LH and testosterone). Additionally, other comorbidities such as MetS, DM, CVD and cancer, often associated with PCOS, should also be checked [1]. Additionally, recent research has suggested using more markers for the early prediction of PCOS.…”

Section: Novel Markers For Pcos Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stein-Leventhal syndrome, commonly known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), is a complex, multifaceted endocrine disease with a global prevalence among women of reproductive age. PCOS is the most probable cause of anovulation-mediated infertility, striking about 2-26% of women of the 18-44 age group [1,2]. PCOS is considered a highrisk factor for several metabolic complications, such as MetS (metabolic syndrome), CVD (cardiovascular disease), T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus), and IR (insulin resistance), with a recent noticeable increase in cases of endometrial cancer [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Dabravolski

Nikiforov

Eid

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine–metabolic disorder affecting a vast population worldwide; it is linked with anovulation, mitochondrial dysfunctions and hormonal disbalance. Mutations in mtDNA have been identified in PCOS patients and likely play an important role in PCOS aetiology and pathogenesis; however, their causative role in PCOS development requires further investigation. As a low-grade chronic inflammation disease, PCOS patients have permanently elevated levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18). In this review, we summarise recent data regarding the role of mtDNA mutations and mitochondrial malfunctions in PCOS pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss recent papers dedicated to the identification of novel biomarkers for early PCOS diagnosis. Finally, traditional and new mitochondria-targeted treatments are discussed. This review intends to emphasise the key role of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in PCOS pathogenesis; however, the exact molecular mechanism is mostly unknown and requires further investigation.

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“…The relationship may possibly reflect a more general exaggeration of androgen steroidogenesis—including in the ovary—related to inherited enzyme abnormalities or steroidogenesis-modifying factors such as hyperinsulinemia. 48 49 In addition, early hyperandrogenemia may predispose girls to neuroendocrine dysfunction (e.g., luteinizing hormone [LH] excess) during the pubertal transition, which may promote ovarian dysfunction. 48…”

Section: Premature Adrenarchementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-PCOS Hyperandrogenic Disorders in Adolescents

et al. 2022

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Hyperandrogenism—clinical features resulting from increased androgen production and/or action—is not uncommon in peripubertal girls. Hyperandrogenism affects 3 to 20% of adolescent girls and often is associated with hyperandrogenemia. In prepubertal girls, the most common etiologies of androgen excess are premature adrenarche (60%) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH; 4%). In pubertal girls, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS; 20–40%) and CAH (14%) are the most common diagnoses related to androgen excess. Androgen-secreting ovarian or adrenal tumors are rare (0.2%). Early pubic hair, acne, and/or hirsutism are the most common clinical manifestations, but signs of overt virilization in adolescent girls—rapid progression of pubic hair or hirsutism, clitoromegaly, voice deepening, severe cystic acne, growth acceleration, increased muscle mass, and bone age advancement past height age—should prompt detailed evaluation. This article addresses the clinical manifestations of and management considerations for non-PCOS-related hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls. We propose an algorithm to aid diagnostic evaluation of androgen excess in this specific patient population.

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Cited by 15 publications

References 75 publications

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Insulin-Resistant Adolescents with Obesity: The Role of Nutrition Therapy and Food Supplements as a Strategy to Protect Fertility

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Insulin-Resistant Adolescents with Obesity: The Role of Nutrition Therapy and Food Supplements as a Strategy to Protect Fertility

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Non-PCOS Hyperandrogenic Disorders in Adolescents

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