Polycystic Ovary Morphology (PCOM) in Estradiol Valerate Treated Mouse Model

Abstract

IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies found among 5%-10% of reproductive age women. It is a common cause of infertility due to anovulatory (1) and hyperandrogenism (2). The name of PCOS is based on ovarian morphological changes in women who suffer from menstrual disturbances and hyperandrogenism symptoms, so polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) can be a notable feature of PCOS (3). PCOM is revealed by some ovarian morphological abnormalities such as polycystic and enlarged ovaries (4). Although many extra ovarian causes are raised in the pathophysiology of PCOS, ovarian dysfunction plays the most important role in this field (5). Although all women with PCOS are in risk of hormonal and glucose metabolism disturbances, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial hyperplasia (4), it seems that PCOS women with PCOM are in risk of elevated serum DHEA-S levels and also taking a higher daily dose of insulin in comparison to PCOS women without PCOM (6).There are many hypotheses for the etiology of PCOS (7), but the exact initiating event in the pathophysiology of the syndrome is not entirely clear and remains poorly understood. Since the study of pathophysiology or any manipulation for treatment of PCOS/PCOM in human faces some serious logistic and ethical limitations; animal modeling is a good choice to improve the understanding of the abstruse aspects of PCOS (8). Since the 1960s, many animal models such as rodents, sheep and nonhuman primates have been applied for this purpose. Using the mouse models can provide an all-purpose tool for studying and understanding the comprehensive biologic mechanisms of PCOS/PCOM. They have stable genetic backgrounds, shorter reproductive and estrous cycle and generation times, and reasonably priced. Besides, these models have shown same reproductive and metabolic conditions as human PCOS (9). Different procedures have been suggested to produce PCOS model including prenatal or pre-pubertal androgen exposure (10,11), aromatase inhibitor or estradiol administration (11-13), and transgenic models (11). AbstractObjectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Polycystic ovary (PCO) is a criterion for PCOS. Several animal models of polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) are developed in order to study PCOS aspects. The present study aimed to develop a polycystic ovarian model in mice. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four young adult female mice were divided equally into estradiol valerate (EV) treated and control groups. Mice in experimental group (n = 18) received a single dose injection of EV (IM, 4 mg/kg). Weight and fertility rate of all mice were recorded. Morphology of ovarian follicles was assessed too. Chi-square and independent t test were used for comparison between groups. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant level. Results: After 60 days, the weight of EV-treated mice was significantly lower than control (P ...

Myo‐inositol and D‐chiro‐inositol (40:1) reverse histological and functional features of polycystic ovary syndrome in a mouse model

“…Despite the observation that obesity and overweight are common signs of human in PCOS (Norman et al, ), mice modeled by the continuous light paradigm displayed a body weight gain significantly reduced with respect to same‐aged controls. A similar reduction has been observed in other mouse models (Amini, Tehranian, Movahedin, Tehrani, & Soltanghoraee, ). The reduced weight gain may be due to the lipolytic effects of augmented circulation of glucocorticoids or changes in activity of hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei that can prevent food intake in continuous light exposed mice.…”

Therapeutic potential of hydrolysable tannin on weight management oxidative stress and reproductive health in polycystic rats

“…In this study, forty-five adult female Albino rats (7 to 8 weeks old, weighed 135 ± 5 grams) were selected. They were kept in metabolic cages at 25 ± 1 °C temperature and 45 to 55% of humidity with 12-hour light/dark cycle (Amini et al, 2016) in the animal house of Department of Pharmacology, Government College University (GCUF) Faisalabad, Pakistan. The study was approved by the Directorate of Advanced Studies, GCUF Faisalabad.…”

“…The initial body weight and blood glucose levels Accu-Check glucometer, Bayer of each rat were taken. A single dose of estradiol tablets was crushed (4 mg/rat/kg) and dissolved in distilled water and was given through intramuscular injection for PCOS induction (Amini et al, 2016;Nofal et al, 2019). The rats were then observed daily with visual method until the signs of the irregular estrous cycle appeared.…”

Ameliorating effect of Brassica oleracea (broccoli) extract on the myocardial damage induced by polycystic ovary syndrome in the adult female albino rat

“…Accordingly, this work was set to investigate, for the first time up to the best of our knowledge, the reflection of cardiovascular risk factors associated with PCOS on the histopathological alterations in the cardiac muscle of adult female albino rats and whether broccoli extract can ameliorate these effects. In this work, we used a model in which PCOS was induced by a single intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate (EV) as employed by previous studies [29,34]. Estradiol valerate was reported to induce morphological changes in the ovaries like those of PCOS women.…”