Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Temperature Driven Formation and Behavior during Coal Combustion in a Coal-Fired Power Plant

Pergal, Miodrag M.; Tešić, Živoslav Lj.; Popović, Aleksandar

doi:10.1021/ef401467z

Cited by 38 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Furthermore, the percentages of Phe and BaA were lower in coarse particles. This is in accordance with the fact that synthetic PAHs have higher concentrations in freshly formed particles (Pergal et al, 2013). However, the percentages of Pyr and Chr increased with the increase in particle size.…”

Section: Profiles Of Speciated Pahs and N-alkanes In Size-segregated Particlessupporting

confidence: 88%

Size-segregated characteristics of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter in particulate matter (PM) emitted from different types of ships in China

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Studies of detailed chemical compositions in particles with different size ranges emitted from ships are in serious shortage. In this study, size-segregated distributions and characteristics of particle mass, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), 16 EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 25 n-alkanes measured aboard 12 different vessels in China are presented. The results showed the following. (1) More than half of the total particle mass, OC, EC, PAHs and n-alkanes were concentrated in fine particles with aerodynamic diameter (Dp) < 1.1 µm for most of the tested ships. The relative contributions of OC, EC, PAH and alkanes to the size-segregated particle mass are decreasing with the increase in particle size. However, different types of ships showed quite different particle-size-dependent chemical compositions. (2) In fine particles, the OC and EC were the dominant components, while in coarse particles, OC and EC only accounted for very small proportions. With the increase in particle size, the OC / EC ratios first decreased and then increased, having the lowest values for particle sizes between 0.43 and 1.1 µm. (3) Out of the four OC fragments and three EC fragments obtained in thermal–optical analysis, OC1, OC2 and OC3 were the dominant OC fragments for all the tested ships, while EC1 and EC2 were the main EC fragments for ships running on heavy fuel oil (HFO) and marine-diesel fuel, respectively; different OC and EC fragments presented different distributions in different particle sizes. (4) The four-stroke low-power diesel fishing boat (4-LDF) had much higher PAH emission ratios than the four-stroke high-power marine-diesel vessel (4-HMV) and two-stroke high-power heavy-fuel-oil vessel (2-HHV) in fine particles, and 2-HHV had the lowest values. (5) PAHs and n-alkanes showed different profile patterns for different types of ships and also between different particle-size bins, which meant that the particle size should be considered when source apportionment is conducted. It is also noteworthy from the results in this study that the smaller the particle size, the more toxic the particle was, especially for the fishing boats in China.

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Section: Profiles Of Speciated Pahs and N-alkanes In Size-segregated Particlessupporting

confidence: 88%

Size-segregated characteristics of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter in particulate matter (PM) emitted from different types of ships in China

et al. 2020

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“…This is in agreement with previous research that reported that the reaction rate of EC generation would be promoted by an increase in temperature. 19,39,40 Furthermore, the ratios of EC to OC (R EC/OC ) increased significantly with increasing temperature, especially for coal combustion in which R EC/OC increased 12-fold followed by wood and straw (3.0-and 2.9fold, respectively). However, it is unexpected that the EFs EC of low-temperature SFCs are even higher than those from other high-temperature combustion sources, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Aromaticity Promotes Low-Temperature Nucleation Processes of Elemental Carbon from Biomass and Coal Combustion

Han

Chen

Feng

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Significant elemental carbon (EC) emissions from low-temperature solid fuel combustion cannot be explained by classical mechanisms ascribing EC to higher-temperature condensation (> 850 °C). The importance of fuel composition in promoting EC nucleation was investigated by studying EC and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation at multiple-ignition temperatures (300–900 °C) using fuels with different aromatic contents (i.e., straw, wood, and coal). Biomass and coal combustion at 300 °C can produce substantial EC containing a large amount of soot-EC, a known high-temperature condensation product, possibly because aromatics reduce EC nucleation barriers, corresponding to the increasing ratios of soot-EC to char-EC from straw to coal (1.22 to 3.61). High- to low-molecular-weight PAH ratios in biomass combustion were four times lower than those in coal combustion, resulting in different EC formation atmospheres. Specifically, 31.4% of PAHs from biomass combustion were indene, compared to only 0.24% for coal, indicating that resonance-stabilized hydrocarbon-radical chain reactions dominated EC nucleation in biomass combustion. Five- to six-membered PAH ratios were always higher than one in biomass combustion but increased significantly from 0.5 to 2 with increasing temperature in coal combustion, indicating that PAHs generated through aromatic decomposition in coal could form EC through van-der-Waals forces and phenyl addition/cyclization-based covalent bonding at low and high temperatures, respectively.

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“…The other explanations may lie in the different factors such as furnace types, coal types, etc. 40 Figure 5 shows the removal efficiency of combined WFGD and WESP on the specific 16 kinds of PAHs both in gas and particulate phases in coal-fired flue gas. It can be found that the purification devices had a positive effect on all these 16 kinds of PAHs in the gas phase while the specific removal efficiencies varied greatly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Combination System of Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization and a Wet Electrostatic Precipitator on the Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Flue Gas from a Coal-Fired Industrial Plant

Chen

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the major contributors to toxic organic pollutants from coal combustion. In this study, the PAHs were sampled from a coal-fired industrial plant, and the influence of the combined wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) and wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) system on PAH concentration (both in gas and particulate phases) and distribution characteristics were studied using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The mass concentration of total PAHs in flue gas decreased from 9.429 to 3.728 μg/Nm 3 after passing through the combined WESP and WFGD. Gas-phase PAHs accounted for the main portion of total PAHs in flue gas, of which four kinds of PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, and fluorene) had shown to be the major compound. The combination of WFGD and WESP had a relatively better effect on the removal of gas-phase PAHs (more than 60%) than the particulate-phase PAHs (only about 20%). Conclusively, the removal efficiencies of two-and three-ring PAHs in two phases by the combined system were much better than those of PAHs with other ring numbers. However, the removal efficiencies of the four-, fiveand six-ring particulate-phase PAHs were negative. The total toxic equivalents (TEQs) of PAHs emitted from the coal-fired industrial plant in this study were 0.1277 μg TEQ/Nm 3 , and five-ring PAHs made the biggest contribution.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Temperature Driven Formation and Behavior during Coal Combustion in a Coal-Fired Power Plant

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

Size-segregated characteristics of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter in particulate matter (PM) emitted from different types of ships in China

Size-segregated characteristics of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter in particulate matter (PM) emitted from different types of ships in China

Fuel Aromaticity Promotes Low-Temperature Nucleation Processes of Elemental Carbon from Biomass and Coal Combustion

Influence of the Combination System of Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization and a Wet Electrostatic Precipitator on the Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Flue Gas from a Coal-Fired Industrial Plant

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