Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 at a coal-based industrial city: Implication for PAH control at industrial agglomeration regions, China

Wu, Di; Wang, Zongshuang; Chen, Jianhua; Kong, Shaofei; Xiao, Fu; Deng, Hongbing; Shao, Guofan; Wu, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.06.012

Cited by 130 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Unlike CEN site, for PC2 in TLA, this component was significantly loaded with 1,4-NQ and LMW PAHs. Since, LMW-PAHs are formed mainly by incomplete combustion in stationary sources, PC2 might be attributed to biomass burning and coal combustion, as well as emissions through industrial processes [24,25,43]. On the other hand, PC3 had the highest correlation with 1,4-NQ and 9,10-PQ, which had been mainly related with photochemical formation on the atmosphere.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The highest atmospheric concentrations of both quinones and PAHs in Tlaquepaque are likely to have received an important contribution from fossil fuel combustion since that site is located close to streets with high vehicular traffic including heavy-duty vehicles. In fact, it has been suggested that BkF is a combustion derived PAH [24], while PAHs such as Flt, Pyr, and Chry are from diesel emissions, and IcdP and BghiP are frequently associated with emissions from gasoline vehicles [25].…”

Section: Spatial and Seasonal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

et al. 2017

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This study aims to establish the influence of primary emission sources and atmospheric transformation process contributing to the concentrations of quinones associated to particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in three sites within the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara (MAG), namely Centro (CEN), Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Águilas (AGU). Environmental levels of quinones extracted from PM 2.5 filters were analyzed using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, primary emissions in combination with photochemical and oxidation reactions contribute to the presence of quinones in the urban atmosphere of MAG. It was found that quinones in PM 2.5 result from the contributions from direct emission sources by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline that relate mainly to vehicular activity intensity in the three sampling sites selected. However, this also suggests that the occurrence of quinones in MAG can be related to photochemical transformation of the parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), to chemical reactions with oxygenated species, or a combination of both routes. The higher concentration of 1,4-Chrysenequinone during the rainy season compared to the warm-dry season indicates chemical oxidation of chrysene, since the humidity could favor singlet oxygen collision with parent PAH present in the particle phase. On the contrary, 9,10-Anthraquinone/Anthracene and 1,4-Naftoquinone/Naphthalene ratios were higher during the warm-dry season compared to the rainy season, which might indicate a prevalence of the photochemical formation during the warm-dry season favored by the large solar radiation typical of the season. In addition, the estimated percentage of photochemical formation of 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone showed that the occurrence of this compound in Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Águilas (AGU) sites is mainly propagated by conditions of high solar radiation such as in the warm-dry season and during long periods of advection of air masses from emission to the reception areas. This was shown by the direct association between the number hourly back trajectories arriving in the TLA and AGU from Centro and other areas in MAG and the highest photochemical formation percentage.

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Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Spatial and Seasonal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

et al. 2017

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“…With regard to these, particle sizes distributions of PAHs play a critical yet poorly understood role. Of particular importance is the role played by high molecular mass PAHs because most of them are carcinogenic and associated with fine aerosol particles (Akyuz and Cabuk, 2009;Wu et al, 2014). Since inhalation deposition depends on particle sizes, these fine particles loaded with PAHs can travel deep into the human respiratory system and cause direct health impact (Kawanaka et al, 2009;K.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmosphere: sorption mechanism and source contributions to respiratory deposition

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. In order to better understand the particle size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their source contribution to human respiratory system, sizeresolved PAHs have been studied in ambient aerosols at a megacity Shanghai site during a 1-year period (2012)(2013). The results showed the PAHs had a bimodal distribution with one mode peak in the fine-particle size range (0.4-2.1 µm) and another mode peak in the coarse-particle size range (3.3-9.0 µm). Along with the increase in ring number of PAHs, the intensity of the fine-mode peak increased, while the coarsemode peak decreased. Plotting of log(PAH / PM) against log(D p ) showed that all slope values were above −1, suggesting that multiple mechanisms (adsorption and absorption) controlled the particle size distribution of PAHs. The total deposition flux of PAHs in the respiratory tract was calculated as being 8.8 ± 2.0 ng h −1 . The highest lifetime cancer risk (LCR) was estimated at 1.5 × 10 −6 , which exceeded the unit risk of 10 −6 . The LCR values presented here were mainly influenced by accumulation mode PAHs which came from biomass burning (24 %), coal combustion (25 %), and vehicular emission (27 %). The present study provides us with a mechanistic understanding of the particle size distribution of PAHs and their transport in the human respiratory system, which can help develop better source control strategies.

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“…Regarding European cities, PAH levels were very similar to suburban and urban areas in Zaragoza, Spain [28], Rome, Italy [29] and in Porto, Portugal [30]. Comparable ambient levels were also reported in Nanjing [31], but the most developed and industrialized Chinese cities presented significantly higher concentrations of those compounds [32][33][34].…”

Section: Pahs Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico: Environmental Levels, Health Risks and Possible Sources

et al. 2018

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. Spatial variations were found during the dry-warm season, which were attributed mainly to differing intensities of local traffic and less dispersion of air pollutants in Miravalle. Seasonal variations were associated with increases in rainfall (June-September) and differences in temperature (January-May and October-January). The benzo(a)pyrene-equivalent (BaPE) and BaP results suggest that exposure to PM 2.5 -containing carcinogenic PAHs (C-PAHs) in Miravalle during the warm-dry and cold-dry seasons can be seen as representing a serious risk to human health. The contributions from potential sources to PAHs in PM 2.5 were evaluated by the diagnostic ratios between PAHs and principal component analysis (PCA). In the whole sampling period, vehicular emission activity, probably related to light and heavy traffic, was found to be the predominant contributor to PM 2.5 -bound PAHs.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 at a coal-based industrial city: Implication for PAH control at industrial agglomeration regions, China

Cited by 130 publications

References 49 publications

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

Size distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmosphere: sorption mechanism and source contributions to respiratory deposition

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico: Environmental Levels, Health Risks and Possible Sources

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