Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solid residues from waste incineration

Wheatley, Andrew D.; Sadhra, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.055

Cited by 62 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Not only the do the stack emissions from incinerators contribute to environmental PAHs, but also other waste streams such as the fly ashes and waste scrubber effluents as well as bottom ashes have been shown to pathways through which PAHs get into environment sites like landfills and waste water plants (Li et al, 1995;Lee et al, 2002;Chen et al, 2003a, b;Wheatley and Sadhra, 2004;Li et al, 2014) as seen in Table 3.…”

Section: Pah Emissions From Incineratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More importantly the type of source of PAHs is indicatory of the compositions of the PAH mixtures (Yang et al, 1998;Dimitriou-Christidis, 2006) or rather normalized PAHs in the atmosphere and PAH profiles are indicatory of their sources (Chen et al, 2003a;Wheatley and Sadhra, 2004) especially due to the compositional differences owing to difference in fuels (Yang et al, 1998). Usually principal component analysis and diagnostic ratios are employed to determine the relationship between the composition of PAHs in receptor sites and those from possible sources (Manoli et al, 2004;Kong et al, 2011;Amodio et al, 2013).…”

Section: Pahs Homologuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAH emissions from the incinerators depend mainly on the waste feed and also the operating conditions including turbulence, temperatures and residence times (Li et al, 1995;Wheatley and Sadhra, 2004). Wastes such as high volume plastics, sludge, medical wastes are major sources of PAHs in incinerators (Davies et al, 1976;Eiceman and Vandiver, 1983;Wheatley et al, 1993;Li et al, 1995;Durlak et al, 1998;Li et al, 2001;Lee et al, 2002;Park et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pah Emissions From Incineratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Cheruiyot

Lee

Mwangi

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

134

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of semi-volatile organic carbons that are emitted from both natural and anthropogenic sources therefore are ubiquitous in nature. Their main sources are both fossil and biomass fuels as well as other feedstocks used in chemical and combustion processes. Mostly the combustion processes are PAH depletion processes rather than PAH generating processes. PAHs are emitted from both stationary and mobile sources at varying levels depending on the operation conditions such as fuels, feedstock, and control devices in use as well as process parameters for example combustion temperatures.After emission from sources, the fates of PAHs in the atmosphere include partitioning between gas and particulate phases, particle size distribution, long range transport, dry and wet deposition on to water bodies, soil, vegetation and other receptor surfaces as well as resuspension from receptor surfaces back to the atmosphere. These processes are controlled by their physiochemical properties. Additionally, it is through these processes that human beings are exposed to PAHs via inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact.Dry deposition is the major process through which PAHs from the atmosphere are made available to receptor surfaces including the human respiratory system. From studies with cumulative fractions of dry deposition and size distribution for particulate PAHs, it is evident that the coarse particles are majorly responsible for the highest fraction of deposition fluxes. This is especially true for the high molecular weight PAHs, since the low molecular weight PAHs are majorly in the gas phase, which have lower dry deposition velocities. On the other hand, the highest risk for human being comes in the form of fine particles, whose mean aerodynamic diameter is below 2.5 µm. This is because the particle bound content results and particle size distributions of PAHs indicate that the fine particles have the most PAH content owing to their large surface areas and high organic carbon content. For the wet deposition of PAHs, more research is recommended for measurement of scavenging ratios of individual PAHs, since there is a scarcity of studies focusing on this issue.PAH mutagenic activity and exposure risk of humans can be estimated using the deposition rates, toxicity levels based on benzo(a)pyrene, or biomarkers such as urinary 1-hydroxypyrene. Other parameters that have been used to evaluate the risks of various exposure groups include inhalation exposure levels (IEL), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and estimation of maximum consumption time (t max ). Highway toll workers, back carbon workers and food vendors in night markets are among susceptible groups identified using these biomarkers and exposure parameters.To reduce exposure to human beings, PAH emissions need to be controlled at the sources. Control and reduction of PAH emissions from various sources involves largely altering the fuel and feedstock characteristics, using air pollution control devices and/or adjustin...

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Section: Pah Emissions From Incineratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pahs Homologuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pah Emissions From Incineratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Cheruiyot

Lee

Mwangi

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

134

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“…This technique aims to obtain a high quality organic product that can be used as an organic amendment in agriculture [17]. In solid waste management applications, incineration is another important process providing significant volume reduction [18,19]. MSW is regarded as a promising fuel in European countries with the heating capacity from 7.2 to 14.9 GJ/t [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices for an Industrialized City

Özbay¹

2015

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…The emissions from diesel engines largely contribute to atmospheric pollution and health problems in human beings [1][2][3] and other animals [4]. The nitrogen oxides (NOx) are most common and harmful pollutants in the exhaust of diesel engines besides CO.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Nitrogen Oxides in Diesel Engine Exhaust by Catalytic Reduction

Murthy¹,

Krishna²

2012

IOSRJEN

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The nitrogen oxides (NOx) are prominent and harmful pollutants in the exhaust of diesel engines. The reduction of NOx to harmless products using catalysts is proved to be a remedy. The present study attempts to reduce NOx emissions in the exhaust of low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine by catalytic reduction, using lanthanum ion exchanged zeolite (catalyst-A) and urea infused lanthanum ion exchanged zeolite (catalyst-B) under varied conditions . The effect of temperature of catalyst, space velocity, and void ratio on the reduction of NOx in the exhaust of the engines are also studied and compared with the conventional engine (CE) under identical conditions. The study showed a considerable reduction by 40-50% in NOx emissions.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solid residues from waste incineration

Cited by 62 publications

References 10 publications

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

An Overview: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from the Stationary and Mobile Sources and in the Ambient Air

Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices for an Industrialized City

Control of Nitrogen Oxides in Diesel Engine Exhaust by Catalytic Reduction

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