Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and selected plants

Vácha, Radim; Čechmánková, Jarmila; Skála, Jan

doi:10.17221/7/2010-pse

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Among the analysed bicyclic, tricyclic, and tetracyclic PAHs, their highest amount was determined in biochar produced from rape straw (RSB). This confirmed the observations of Vacha et al [46] that the PAHs content in the plant biomass used for the production of biochar is determined by the chemical properties of the compound (the number of aromatic rings). The lowest content of the studied PAHs ( P 16 PAHs) was determined in sawdust biochar (SB), and the highest, in rape straw biochar (RSB) ( Table 6).…”

Section: Elemental Composition Of Biocharssupporting

confidence: 91%

The Effect of Low-Temperature Conversion of Plant Materials on the Chemical Composition and Ecotoxicity of Biochars

Gondek

Mierzwa–Hersztek

Baran

et al. 2016

Waste Biomass Valor

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The chemical composition of biochars varies considerably depending on the chemical composition of biomass used for its production and conditions of the thermal conversion process. In the context of chemical composition, biochars are different from other types of organic matter in that they contain many more aromatic carbon compounds. The aims of this study were as follows:(1) to investigate the effect of pyrolysis process of plant material on the concentrations of macroelements, trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the biochars; (2) to evaluate the ecotoxicity of the biochars; (3) to integrate chemical and toxicity properties of biochars in order to assess their safe utilisation as fertiliser materials. It was found that the elemental composition, the contents of macronutrients and trace elements in biochars were determined by the type of converted biomass. In the case of contents of volatile elements, such as nitrogen and sulphur, the process conditions were of great importance. Among the analysed trace elements, only the cadmium content exceeded the limit value for premium class biochars. The process of thermal conversion of organic materials did not cause mobilisation of available forms of most of the studied trace elements. In the course of the study, it was found that the extracts from wheat straw biochar (WSB) were low-toxic, while the extracts from biochars derived from rape straw (RSB), Miscanthus straw (MSB), sawdust (SB), bark (BB) and leaves of trees (LTB) were highly toxic to V. fischeri. Based on the response of the test organism, the analysed biochars were arranged in the following order: WSB \ BB \ RSB \ LTB \ MSB \ SB. The highest total content of PAHs ( P 16 PAHs) was determined in rape straw biochar, and the lowest, in sawdust biochar. The studies revealed a negative correlation between the content of most of PAHs and inhibition of Vibrio fischeri luminescence. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Elemental Composition Of Biocharssupporting

confidence: 91%

The Effect of Low-Temperature Conversion of Plant Materials on the Chemical Composition and Ecotoxicity of Biochars

Gondek

Mierzwa–Hersztek

Baran

et al. 2016

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…They are of environmental concern not only because of their toxicity and carcinogenicity (IARC, 1983), but also because they are very resistant to decomposition (Oleszczuk & Baran, 2003, Tamamura et al, 2006. PAHs can be transported into plants mostly from atmospheric air (Alfani et al, 2005), although in smaller amount PAHs can be absorbed by root system (Vacha et al, 2010).…”

Section: Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Railway Tracks - Habitat Conditions, Contamination, Floristic Settlement - A Review

Galera

Sudnik‐Wójcikowska²

2012

ENRR

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Apart from roads, railways are one of the principal means of transportation. The specificity of rail transportation causes some environmental problems. The study presents a review of the major environmental problems connected with railway transportation. The construction of railway tracks and properties of used materials, as well as the maintenance of railway infrastructure are responsible for the specific habitat condition with alkaline soil reaction and varying but rather high levels of nutrients, which favour plant encroachment and growth. The results of investigations described in this study show clearly that railway transportation causes typical organic and inorganic contamination. Among the most important railway pollutants are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and to some extent, polychlorinated biphenyls. The study also presents some information about the progress of floristic studies in operating and abandoned railway lines. In addition some trends in the transformation of the flora in abandoned railway areas are discussed: the retreat of alien species with a short life cycle, the encroachment of native perennial plants and an increase in the number of trees.

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“…Increase in the contents of these four PAHs in the mixtures prepared for pyrolysis resulted from the load of these substances introduced with plant materials. It should be noted that the PAH content in plants is conditioned by the chemical properties of a compound (the number of aromatic rings), plant species, and soil properties 30 . The above compounds are 2-and 3-ring PAHs, which suggests that plant materials added to sludge contained these contaminants.…”

Section: The Pah Content In the Mixtures Of Sewage Sludge And Plant Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content of PAHs, activities of γ-radionuclides and ecotoxicological assessment in biochars

Gondek

Mierzwa–Hersztek

Smreczak

et al. 2016

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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The aim of this research was to determine the effect of thermal conversion temperature and plant material addition to sewage sludge on the PAHs content and the activity of selected γ-radionuclides in biochars, and to conduct an ecotoxicological assessment. The pyrolysis of the mixtures of sewage sludge and plant materials at 300°C and such temperature caused an increase in the contents of 2-and 3-ring hydrocarbons. During the pyrolysis of organic materials at 600°C, the amount of the following compounds was reduced in biochars: benzo [b] Cs were determined after the sample pyrolysis. The extracts from the mixtures of sewage sludge and plant materials were non-toxic to Vibrio fi scheri.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and selected plants

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

The Effect of Low-Temperature Conversion of Plant Materials on the Chemical Composition and Ecotoxicity of Biochars

The Effect of Low-Temperature Conversion of Plant Materials on the Chemical Composition and Ecotoxicity of Biochars

Railway Tracks - Habitat Conditions, Contamination, Floristic Settlement - A Review

Content of PAHs, activities of γ-radionuclides and ecotoxicological assessment in biochars

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