The Effect of Low-Temperature Conversion of Plant Materials on the Chemical Composition and Ecotoxicity of Biochars

Gondek, Krzysztof; Mierzwa–Hersztek, Monika; Baran, Agnieszka; Szostek, Małgorzata; Pieniążek, Rafał; Pieniążek, Marcin; Stanek-Tarkowska, Jadwiga; Noga, Teresa

doi:10.1007/s12649-016-9621-2

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…On the one hand, pyrolysis can lead to decomposition of organic compounds, and on the other, it results in synthesis of highly condensed aromatic structures that may produce other aromatic-structure compounds or increase their content (Busch et al 2013). As demonstrated by Gondek et al (2016), the pyrolysis of organic materials at 300 o C increased the content of 2-and 3-ring hydrocarbons. However, the conversion of organic materials at 600 o C reduced the content of 4-and 5-ring hydrocarbons in the obtained biochars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of wheat and Miscanthus straw biochars on soil enzymatic activity, ecotoxicity, and plant yield

Mierzwa–Hersztek¹,

Gondek²,

Klimkowicz‐Pawlas³

et al. 2017

International Agrophysics

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The variety of technological conditions and raw materials from which biochar is produced is the reason why its soil application may have different effects on soil properties and plant growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of wheat straw andMiscanthus giganteusstraw (5 t DM ha−1) and biochar obtained from this materials in doses of 2.25 and 5 t DM ha−1on soil enzymatic activity, soil ecotoxicity, and plant yield (perennial grass mixture with red clover). The research was carried out under field conditions on soil with the granulometric composition of loamy sand. No significant effect of biochar amendment on soil enzymatic activity was observed. The biochar-amended soil was toxic toVibrio fischeriand exhibited low toxicity toHeterocypris incongruens. Application of wheat straw biochar andM. giganteusstraw biochar in a dose of 5 t DM ha−1contributed to an increase in plant biomass production by 2 and 14%, respectively, compared to the soil with mineral fertilisation. Biochars had a more adverse effect on soil enzymatic activity and soil ecotoxicity toH. incongruensandV. fischerithan non-converted wheat straw andM. giganteusstraw, but significantly increased the grass crop yield.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of wheat and Miscanthus straw biochars on soil enzymatic activity, ecotoxicity, and plant yield

Mierzwa–Hersztek¹,

Gondek²,

Klimkowicz‐Pawlas³

et al. 2017

International Agrophysics

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“…The content of macronutrients, e.g., calcium and potassium, varied in the studied material ( Table 1 ). The content of heavy metals was lower than that observed in biochar produced from plant biomass [ 37 ]. The LS and C soil types used in the study had different granulometric compositions and chemical properties ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitated Charcoal—An Innovative Method for Affecting the Biochemical Properties of Soil

Gondek

Mierzwa–Hersztek

Grzymala³

et al. 2021

Materials

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Thermal biomass transformation products are considered to be one of the best materials for improving soil properties. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of charcoal after cavitation on the chemical and biochemical properties of soil. The study was carried out with a 10% aqueous charcoal mixture that was introduced into loamy sand and clay at rates of 1.76%, 3.5%, 7.0%, and 14.0%. The effect of the application of cavitated charcoal was tested on Sorghum saccharatum (L.). Soil and plant material was collected to determine chemical and biochemical properties. The application of cavitated charcoal reduced the acidification of both soils. The highest rate (14.0%) of cavitated charcoal increased the content of soil total carbon (CTot) by 197% in the loamy sand compared to CTot in the control treatments, 19% for clay soil, respectively. The application of cavitated charcoal did not significantly change the total content of heavy metals. Regardless of the element and the soil used, the application of cavitated charcoal reduced the content of the CaCl2-extracted forms of heavy metals. Following the application of cavitated charcoal, the loamy sand soil presented an even lower content of the most mobile forms of the studied elements. It should also be noted that regardless of the soil texture, mobile forms of the elements decreased with the increased cavitated charcoal rate. The results of dehydrogenase and urease activity indicated the low metabolic activity of the microbial population in the soils, especially with the relatively high rates (7.0% and 14.0%) of cavitated charcoal. However, the cavitated charcoal used in the study showed a significant, positive effect on the amount of biomass S. saccharatum (L.), and its application significantly reduced the heavy metal content in the biomass of S. saccharatum (L.).

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“…The content of macronutrients, e.g., calcium and potassium, varied in the studied material (Table 1). The content of heavy metals was lower than that observed in biochar produced from plant biomass (Gondek et al, 2017). The LS and C soils used in the study had different granulometric compositions and chemical properties (Table 2).…”

Section: Properties Of Cavitated Charcoal and Soilsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cavitated charcoal -- an innovative method for improving the biochemical properties of soil

Gondek

Hersztek

a³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The study was carried out with cavitated charcoal that were introduced into loamy sand and clay at rates of 1.76%, 3.5%, 7.0%, and 14.0%. The highest introduction rate of the material (14.0%) increased the content of total carbon (CTot) by 197% in the loamy sand and by 19% in the clay compared to that in the control treatments. The application of cavitated charcoal did not significantly change the total content of heavy metals. Regardless of the element and the soil used, the application of cavitated charcoal reduced the content of the CaCl2-extracted forms of heavy metals. Following the application of cavitated charcoal, the loamy sand soil presented an even lower content of the most mobile forms of the studied elements. It should also be noted that regardless of the soil texture, mobile forms of the elements decreased with the increased cavitated charcoal rate. The respiratory activity values of the soils into which cavitated charcoal was introduced were low, which indicates a large number of dormant microorganisms. Additionally, the results of dehydrogenase and urease activity indicated the low metabolic activity of the microbial population in the soils, especially with the relatively high rates (7.0% and 14.0%) of cavitated charcoal. However, the cavitated charcoal used in the study showed a significant, positive effect on the amount of biomass Sorghum saccharatum (L.), and its application significantly reduced the heavy metal content in the biomass of Sorghum saccharatum (

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The Effect of Low-Temperature Conversion of Plant Materials on the Chemical Composition and Ecotoxicity of Biochars

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of wheat and Miscanthus straw biochars on soil enzymatic activity, ecotoxicity, and plant yield

Effect of wheat and Miscanthus straw biochars on soil enzymatic activity, ecotoxicity, and plant yield

Cavitated Charcoal—An Innovative Method for Affecting the Biochemical Properties of Soil

Cavitated charcoal -- an innovative method for improving the biochemical properties of soil

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