Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, “tar”, and nicotine in the mainstream smoke aerosol of the narghile water pipe

Shihadeh, Alan; Saleh, Rawad

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2004.12.013

Cited by 369 publications

(349 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Other factors that attract WP smokers, especially adolescents, are its aromatic and condensed smoke, attractive pipe design, availability, inexpensive tobacco, and social acceptance because of traditional associations and it being less stigmatized than cigarette smoking [22]. WP smoking is a new challenge for global public health efforts [23], and recent studies have shown that WP smoke is more harmful than cigarette smoke, because one session of WP smoking expose it's users to a larger amount of smoke and higher level of tobacco toxicants such as tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and arsenic compared with one cigarette [24][25][26][27][28][29].WP smoking is considered to be associated with lung cancer, esophageal cancer, low birth weight, periodontal diseases, and pulmonary dysfunction [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence, Attitudes, and Correlates of Waterpipe Smoking Among High School Students in Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2016

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Background: Waterpipe (WP) smoking is a growing public health concern. However there is little information concerning the prevalence, knowledge, attitudes and cessation of WP smoking among high school students in Iran.Purpose: To determine the correlates of WP smoking among 15-17 year-old high school students in Iran.Methods: Data were collected using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a selfadministrated questionnaire distributed to a representative sample of high school students aged 15-17 in the city of Tabriz. Current WP smoking was defined as past-30 day use and ever WP smoking was defined as at least one or two lifetime puffs. Differences in WP use, knowledge and attitudes were analyzed with Chi square and Fisher exact tests. Binary logistic regression estimated the association between relevant independent variables (e.g. age) and the dependent variables (current/ever WP smoking).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence, Attitudes, and Correlates of Waterpipe Smoking Among High School Students in Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2016

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“…Furthermore, waterpipe smokers spend about 45 minutes or an hour smoking waterpipe, thus they are exposed to many harmful chemicals during this time. So, even though they smoke waterpipe infrequently, they may get harmed by it (Shihadeh et al, 2005;Knishkowy et al, 2005;Abughosh et al, 2012). In the study by Maziak et al, it is declared that the amount of nicotine in waterpipe is higher than the one in cigarette (Akl et al, 2010;Koul et al, 2011;Maziak, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fallacies about Water Pipe Use in Turksih University Students - What Might Be the Consequences?

Alvur¹,

Çınar²,

Akduran³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: The popularity of the narghile waterpipe, also referred to as hookah, shisha or hubble-bubble has increased tremendously during the past few decades. The aim of this study was to expose perception of narghile among a representative sample of university students in Sakarya University campus. Materials and Methods: Written approval was taken from the local education authority. An anonymous questionnaire which was prepared by the investigators and contained 17 questions was administered. Nine of the questions were related to socio-demographic characteristics and eight were related to the students harm perceptions about waterpipe. A total of 1,320 questionnaries were received and after preliminary evaluation 1,255 (95.7%) were found to be suitable for evaluation. The data was evaluated in SPSS program by using percentages and averages. Results: The mean±SD age of the students was 20.8±2.29 years (min 18, max 32). There were 864 (68.8%) females and 391 (31.2%) males. A total of 6.3 % of the students (n=79) believed that waterpipe is not harmful because its smoke does not burn the lungs. Almost one-third (n=318) think that the carcinogenic chemicals are filtered while waterpipe smoke passes from the water; 12.1 % of the students (n=152) checked "true" for the statement of "waterpipe smoke contains no nicotine". It is seen that 14.0 % of the students (n=176) think waterpipe with fruit/ aroma is healthier than plain waterpipe. Conclusions: As a result of this study, it is found out that a substantial number of university students have false beliefs on harmful effects of waterpipe smoking.

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“…The study of "puff topography" parameters (e.g., puff volume, puff velocity, interpuff interval) has long been important in understanding the toxicant content of tobacco smoke [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and the toxicant delivery to tobacco smokers. 11,25 With ECIGs, differences in topography may help explain the fact that sometimes these products deliver nicotine and sometimes they do not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of User Puff Topography, Device Voltage, and Liquid Nicotine Concentration on Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Yield: Measurements and Model Predictions

Talih

Balhas

Eissenberg

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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313

341

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Introduction: Some electronic cigarette (ECIG) users attain tobacco cigarette-like plasma nicotine concentrations while others do not. Understanding the factors that influence ECIG aerosol nicotine delivery is relevant to regulation, including product labeling and abuse liability. These factors may include user puff topography, ECIG liquid composition, and ECIG design features. This study addresses how these factors can influence ECIG nicotine yield. Methods: Aerosols were machine generated with 1 type of ECIG cartridge (V4L CoolCart) using 5 distinct puff profiles representing a tobacco cigarette smoker (2-s puff duration, 33-ml/s puff velocity), a slow average ECIG user (4 s, 17 ml/s), a fast average user (4 s, 33 ml/s), a slow extreme user (8 s, 17 ml/s), and a fast extreme user (8 s, 33 ml/s). Output voltage (3.3-5.2 V or 3.0-7.5 W) and e-liquid nicotine concentration (18-36 mg/ml labeled concentration) were varied. A theoretical model was also developed to simulate the ECIG aerosol production process and to provide insight into the empirical observations. Results: Nicotine yields from 15 puffs varied by more than 50-fold across conditions. Experienced ECIG user profiles (longer puffs) resulted in higher nicotine yields relative to the tobacco smoker (shorter puffs). Puff velocity had no effect on nicotine yield. Higher nicotine concentration and higher voltages resulted in higher nicotine yields. These results were predicted well by the theoretical model (R 2 = 0.99). Conclusions: Depending on puff conditions and product features, 15 puffs from an ECIG can provide far less or far more nicotine than a single tobacco cigarette. ECIG emissions can be predicted using physical principles, with knowledge of puff topography and a few ECIG device design parameters.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, “tar”, and nicotine in the mainstream smoke aerosol of the narghile water pipe

Cited by 369 publications

References 12 publications

The Prevalence, Attitudes, and Correlates of Waterpipe Smoking Among High School Students in Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study

The Prevalence, Attitudes, and Correlates of Waterpipe Smoking Among High School Students in Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study

Fallacies about Water Pipe Use in Turksih University Students - What Might Be the Consequences?

Effects of User Puff Topography, Device Voltage, and Liquid Nicotine Concentration on Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Yield: Measurements and Model Predictions

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