The Prevalence, Attitudes, and Correlates of Waterpipe Smoking Among High School Students in Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study

Ziaei, Reza; Mohammadi, Reza; Dastgiri, Saeed; Viitasara, Eija; Rahimi, Vahab Asl; Jeddi, Abolfazl; Soares, Joaquim

doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9555-x

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…There is a potential for increased usage and hence increased tobacco-related morbidity and mortality unless intervention measures are taken now 11 . In a study, 9.7% of the students consumed waterpipe in the past month, of which 66.6% were male and 33.4% were female, which indicates a higher prevalence in males 4 . In another study, the prevalence of current WPS was reported as 26.3% among male high school students 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, lung cancer, respiratory diseases, low birth weight, periodontal disease, bladder cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, oesophagal cancer, oral dysplasia, infertility and hepatitis C infection 3 are all attributed to WPS. It is estimated that approximately 100 million people, particularly teenagers, use this kind of smoking 4 . Since the period 2009-2016, studies reporting on WPS indicated a 0.4% to 2.9% annual increase in current WPS in the Eastern Mediterranean and European Regions, and 0.3% to 1.0% increase in the USA [5][6][7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, factors such as the pleasant smell, the attractive design of the waterpipe, availability and affordability, social acceptance due to cultural views and beliefs that WPS is less harmful compared to cigarette smoking influence WPS among adolescents 4 . Students who smoke waterpipe have low self-efficacy to quit and find it cost-effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Male students’ experiences on predictors of waterpipe smoking reduction: A qualitative study in Iran

Bashirian¹,

Barati²,

Ahmadi³

et al. 2019

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION In recent years, waterpipe smoking (WPS) has increased among adolescents in Iran. This study aimed to explain the experiences of high school students in Iran on predictors of WPS reduction based on a multi-theory model (MTM) of health behaviour change. METHODS This study was a qualitative study of directed content analysis that was conducted in high school male students in Hamadan, Iran, in 2017. In this study, 34 students who had smoked waterpipe (WP) in the last month were recruited through snowball sampling that was continued until data saturation. The data were collected through semi-structured, individual interviews and were then analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The data analysis resulted in the extraction of 104 final codes around the six themes of predetermined MTM constructs consisting of participatory dialogue, behavioural confidence, changes in the physical environment, emotional transformation, practice for change, and changes in the social environment. The findings of this study showed that this model has the potential to explain the behaviour of WPS reduction. The main predictors of reduction in WPS are behavioural confidence, social environment change, and participatory dialogue. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the research showed that the belief in an individual's ability, support from friends and the benefits of WPS reduction are the most important factors in reducing WPS among students. Therefore, it is suggested that comprehensive interventions be developed to improve the individual and social factors that are effective in WPS reduction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Male students’ experiences on predictors of waterpipe smoking reduction: A qualitative study in Iran

Bashirian¹,

Barati²,

Ahmadi³

et al. 2019

Tob. Prev. Cessation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Overall, thirty high-schools, including sixteen girls' and fourteen boys' high-schools, and ninety classes (grades 9 to 11) [30] were chosen to participate in the study. The full details of the methodology have been reported earlier [31,32].…”

Section: Study Site and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Activity/Inactivity and Sedentary Behaviour among High-School Adolescents in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ziaei

Mohammadi

Dastgiri

et al. 2019

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Background Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases in all stages of life. However, there is a lack of reliable data regarding the recommended level of physical activity and its correlates related to physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour among school students in Iran. The aim of the present study was to report the prevalence and correlates of physical activity/ inactivity and sedentary behaviour among Iranian high school adolescents.Methods The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was used for data collection. Related data comprising socio-demographics, health risk behaviour, and protective factors were obtained from 1,517 high school students. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between relevant independent variables (e.g. gender) and the dependent outcome variable (physical inactivity/sedentary behaviour).Results The prevalence of recommended physical activity by WHO was 27.8%, physical inactivity 72.2% and sedentary behaviour 71.4%. Being female, being overweight or obese, walking/cycling to or from school on 1-4 days, sitting 3 or more hours/day (sedentary behaviour), insufficient vegetable intake, being bullied, and lack of parental support, peer support and parental connectivity (protective factors) were positively associated with physical inactivity. On the other hand, walking/cycling to or from school on 5-7 days, and inadequate fruit intake was negatively associated with physical inactivity. Walking/cycling to or from school on 1-4 days, being physically inactive, inadequate fruit intake, and being bullied were positively associated with sedentary behaviour.Conclusion The prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour was high in our studied sample. Interventions that address the issue of active school transport, sedentary behaviour, fruit and vegetable intake, family and peer support and bullying should be given more priority by the public health authorities.

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“…Studies reported that its prevalence among young women is 6.3% in the United States (13) and 41% in Pakistan (14). WTS is also a significant public health challenge in Iran and is the most common method for tobacco smoking by adolescent and young women (15)(16)(17). Studies in Iran reported that WTS prevalence ranged from 7.1% (18) to 38.9% (19) among adolescents and was 11.5% among female university students (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociocultural factors contributing to waterpipe tobacco smoking among young women: a qualitative study in Iran

Makvandi

Mostafavi

Bashirian

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is currently a serious and growing public health threat in the world, especially in adolescents and young women. The aim of the study was to explore sociocultural factors contributing to WTS among young women in Iran.Methods This qualitative study was conducted from August 2017 to January 2019 in Isfahan and Hamadan cities, Iran; it included 13-30-year-old females with experience of WTS. For data collection, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted at participants’ preferred time and place. Concurrent with data collection, data were analyzed through conventional content analysis.Findings In total, 34 main participants with mean (SD) age of 22.97(4.89) years and eight auxiliary participants with mean (SD) age of 34 (9.95) years participated in the present study. Sociocultural factors contributing to WTS were categorized into four main categories of waterpipe glamorization by its producers and sellers, media advertisement or silence, common sociocultural traditions, and governmental policies and regulations.Conclusion WTS among young women in Iran is affected by a wide range of sociocultural factors. Therefore, interdisciplinary multidimensional strategies are needed for WTS management and prevention among young women. Public education, strict supervision of tobacco import, export, and selling, ample employment opportunities for young people and effective leisure time management are essential to reduce WTS.

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The Prevalence, Attitudes, and Correlates of Waterpipe Smoking Among High School Students in Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Male students’ experiences on predictors of waterpipe smoking reduction: A qualitative study in Iran

Male students’ experiences on predictors of waterpipe smoking reduction: A qualitative study in Iran

The Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Activity/Inactivity and Sedentary Behaviour among High-School Adolescents in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sociocultural factors contributing to waterpipe tobacco smoking among young women: a qualitative study in Iran

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