Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in five East Asian cities: Seasonal characteristics, health risks, and yearly variations

Yang, Lihua; Zhang, Lulu; Chen, Lijiang; Han, Chong; Akutagawa, Tomoko; Endō, Osamu; Yamauchi, Masahito; Neroda, Andrey; Toriba, Akira; Tang, Ning

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117360

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Consistent with our previous findings [26], the airborne PAH and NPAHs in winter were higher than those in summer (ρ < 0.01). As the most abundant PAH, BgPe contributed 21.9% and 31.5% of the total PAHs in winter and summer, respectively, in accordance with our last survey [28]. It is worth noting that the BaP concentration was 2.14 ± 1.35 ng/m 3 in winter, which still exceeded the target value (1 ng/m 3 ) in Europe, consistent with what has been found previously.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Pahs and Npahssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In summer, almost all [BaP]/([BaP] + [BeP]) ratios were below 0.5, indicating that local emissions might contribute to PAHs and NPAHs at Vladivostok. As in our previous study [1,11,28], this may be a reason for the decrease in [BaP]/([BaP] + [BeP]), since the air mass in summer mainly comes from the Vladivostok port. can be divided into airborne NPAHs that are mainly generated from combustion (fresh particles, value < 5) or atmospheric reactions (ageing particles, value > 5) [64].…”

Section: The Latest Research Shows That [Bbf]/([bbf] + [Bkf]) and [Id...mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The values of [BaP]/([BaP] + [BeP]) mainly varied between 0.52 and 0.65 in winter, indicating a dominant contribution from long-range atmospheric transport. According to other studies, the contaminated air mass may come from Northeast China and Mongolia [ 28 , 56 ]. In summer, almost all [BaP]/([BaP] + [BeP]) ratios were below 0.5, indicating that local emissions might contribute to PAHs and NPAHs at Vladivostok.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirty-three total atmospheric samples were collected from December 2019 to July 2020 in the Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia (43.20° N, 131.93° E), as shown in Figure 1 . According to our previous studies, Vladivostok can be influenced by domestic pollutants in summer, while can be influenced by long-range transportant pollutants in winter [ 28 ]. A high-volume air sampler (Sibata Sci.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air of Vladivostok: Seasonal Variation, Sources, Health Risk Assessment and Long-Term Variability

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Total suspended particles (TSP) were collected in Vladivostok, Russia, which is a typical port city. This study investigated the concentration, potential sources, and long-term variation in particle PAHs and NPAHs in the atmosphere of Vladivostok. The PAH and NPAH concentrations were higher in winter than in summer (PAHs: winter: 18.6 ± 9.80 ng/m3 summer: 0.54 ± 0.21 ng/m3; NPAHs: winter: 143 ± 81.5 pg/m3 summer: 143 ± 81.5 pg/m3). The diagnostic ratios showed that PAHs and NPAHs mainly came from vehicle emissions in both seasons, while heating systems were the main source of air pollution in winter. The TEQ assessment values were 2.90 ng/m3 and 0.06 ng/m3 in winter and summer, respectively, suggesting a significant excess cancer risk in the general population in winter. The ILCR values conveyed a potential carcinogenic risk because the value was between 1 × 10−5 and 1 × 10−7 and ingestion was a main contributor in Vladivostok. However, it is worth noting that the concentrations of PAHs and NPAHs showed an overall downward trend from 1999 to 2020. An important reason for this is the cogenerations project implemented by the Far Eastern Center for Strategic Research on Fuel and Energy Complex Development in 2010. This research clarified the latest variations in PAHs and NPAHs to provide continuous observation data for future chemical reaction or model prediction research.

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Section: Concentrations Of Pahs and Npahssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: The Latest Research Shows That [Bbf]/([bbf] + [Bkf]) and [Id...mentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air of Vladivostok: Seasonal Variation, Sources, Health Risk Assessment and Long-Term Variability

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The wastewater obtained from oil and gas exploration industries is known as produced water (PW) [5]. The range of PAH concentration in PW reported by various research is from 124 to 1000 µg L −1 [6][7][8][9], and these pollutants are precarious even in low concentrations (µg L −1 -mg L −1 ) [7]. In addition, the United States Environmental Protection Agency has declared 16 PAHs as priority chemicals because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic effects [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Micro-Pollutants’ Removal from Wastewater Using Agricultural Waste-Derived Sustainable Adsorbent

Alhothali

Haneef

Mustafa

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Water pollution due to the discharge of untreated industrial effluents is a serious environmental and public health issue. The presence of organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) causes worldwide concern because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on aquatic life, human beings, and the environment. PAHs are pervasive atmospheric compounds that cause nervous system damage, mental retardation, cancer, and renal kidney diseases. This research presents the first usage of palm kernel shell biochar (PKSB) (obtained from agricultural waste) for PAH removal from industrial wastewater (oil and gas wastewater/produced water). A batch scale study was conducted for the remediation of PAHs and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from produced water. The influence of operating parameters such as biochar dosage, pH, and contact time was optimized and validated using a response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimized conditions, i.e., biochar dosage 2.99 g L−1, pH 4.0, and contact time 208.89 min, 93.16% of PAHs and 97.84% of COD were predicted. However, under optimized conditions of independent variables, 95.34% of PAH and 98.21% of COD removal was obtained in the laboratory. The experimental data were fitted to the empirical second-order model of a suitable degree for the maximum removal of PAHs and COD by the biochar. ANOVA analysis showed a high coefficient of determination value (R2 = 0.97) and a reasonable second-order regression prediction. Additionally, the study also showed a comparative analysis of PKSB with previously used agricultural waste biochar for PAH and COD removal. The PKSB showed significantly higher removal efficiency than other types of biochar. The study also provides analysis on the reusability of PKSB for up to four cycles using two different methods. The methods reflected a significantly good performance for PAH and COD removal for up to two cycles. Hence, the study demonstrated a successful application of PKSB as a potential sustainable adsorbent for the removal of micro-pollutants from produced water.

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Construction of an atmospheric PAH emission inventory and health risk assessment in Jiangsu, China

Zhang

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2022

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in five East Asian cities: Seasonal characteristics, health risks, and yearly variations

Cited by 29 publications

References 63 publications

PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air of Vladivostok: Seasonal Variation, Sources, Health Risk Assessment and Long-Term Variability

PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air of Vladivostok: Seasonal Variation, Sources, Health Risk Assessment and Long-Term Variability

Optimization of Micro-Pollutants’ Removal from Wastewater Using Agricultural Waste-Derived Sustainable Adsorbent

Construction of an atmospheric PAH emission inventory and health risk assessment in Jiangsu, China

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