Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/n-butanol blends

Yılmaz, Nadir; Davis, S. M.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.059

Cited by 106 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…What is more noticeable, however, is that the addition of 20% of biodiesel in the fuel mixture resulted in a decrease of 25% in PAHs emissions in the particle-phase for SCR-off and 32% for SCR-on. Similar results were found by previous studies (Turrio-Baldassarri et al, 2004;He et al, 2010;He, 2016;Yilmaz and Davis, 2016;Martin et al, 2017), however without test the simultaneous effect of biodiesel blends and SCR aftertreatment system. Our results concur with the findings of He et al (2010), who compared several studies, concluding that, on average, a reduction of 23% in PAHs emissions can be expected with a 20% addition of biodiesel to the fuel.…”

Section: Particle-phase Pahssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…On the other hand, there is no agreement whether the biodiesel promote or not a reduction on PAHs and Nitro-PAHs emissions. Guarieiro et al (2014) concluded that the biodiesel additions decrease PAHs emissions, which is in agreement with the conclusions made by He et al (2010), Lim et al (2014) and Yilmaz and Davis (2016). Westphal et al (2013) tested PAHs emissions using a turbointercooled engine with 6 cylinders operating in the European Stationary Cycle (ESC) fuelled with hydrotreated vegetable oil and jatropha methyl ester.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The reduction from B5 SCR-off to B20 SCR-off was 41% and B5 SCR-on to B20 SCR-on was 60%. Yilmaz and Davis (2016) found low particle-bound PAHs TEQ values in the same order of magnitude for B10 and B20 mixture, using waste oil biodiesel and no aftertreatment. The authors also reported that B10 reduced toxicity by 49% and B20 by 46%, compared to B100.…”

Section: Particle-phase Pahsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Diesel engine exhaust emissions were classified as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2013, thereby increasing the prior challenges that policymakers in several countries face (Diaz-Sanchez et al, 1994;Lighty et al, 2000;Ravindra et al, 2008;Reşitoğlu et al, 2015;Zielinska et al, 2004). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Nitro-PAHs (nitrated PAHs) are the most toxic compounds among the complex mixture of gases and particles that comprise Diesel engine exhaust aerosols (Hu et al, 2013;HHS USA, 2004;Slezakova et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013;Yilmaz and Davis, 2016). Composed of two or more fused aromatic rings, these organic compounds have been tested for their carcinogenic activity by the IARC, with benzo[a]pyrene being classified as group 1 (carcinogenic to humans), by this agency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated analogs associated to particulate matter emission from a Euro V-SCR engine fuelled with diesel/biodiesel blends

Borillo

Tadano

Godoi

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Among the new technologies developed for the heavy-duty fleet, the use of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system in standard Diesel engines associated with biodiesel/diesel mixtures is an alternative in use to control the legislated pollutants emission. Nevertheless, there is an absence of knowledge about the synergic behaviour of these devices and biodiesel blends regarding the emissions of unregulated substances as the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Nitro-PAHs, both recognized for their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on humans. Therefore, the goal of this study is the quantification of PAHs and Nitro-PAHs present to total particulate matter (PM) emitted from the Euro V engine fuelled with ultra-low sulphur diesel and soybean biodiesel in different percentages, B5 and B20. PM sampling was performed using a Euro V - SCR engine operating in European Stationary Cycle (ESC). The PAHs and Nitro-PAHs were extracted from PM using an Accelerated Solvent Extractor and quantified by GC-MS. The results indicated that the use of SCR and the largest fraction of biodiesel studied may suppress the emission of total PAHs. The Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) was lower when using 20% biodiesel, in comparison with 5% biodiesel on the SCR system, reaffirming the low toxicity emission using higher percentage biodiesel. The data also reveal that use of SCR, on its own, suppress the Nitro-PAHs compounds. In general, the use of larger fractions of biodiesel (B20) coupled with the SCR aftertreatment showed the lowest PAHs and Nitro-PAHs emissions, meaning lower toxicity and, consequently, a potential lower risk to human health. From the emission point of view, the results of this work also demonstrated the viability of the Biodiesel programs, in combination with the SCR systems, which does not require any engine adaptation and is an economical alternative for the countries (Brazil, China, Russia, India) that have not adopted Euro VI emission standards.

show abstract

Section: Particle-phase Pahssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Particle-phase Pahsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated analogs associated to particulate matter emission from a Euro V-SCR engine fuelled with diesel/biodiesel blends

Borillo

Tadano

Godoi

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of air pollutants mainly produced by fossil fuel combustion [87,88], painting [89], refining [90], building [91], and other industries [92,93]. In recent decades, rapid development of industry has led to a dramatic increase in anthropogenic VOCs.…”

Section: Volatile Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Multifunctional Hybrid Composites Using Fly Ash to Control Environmental Pollutants: A Review

Ge¹,

Yoon²,

Choi³

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), as well as water pollutants including heavy metal, are harmful to human and environment. Effective control and reduction of their pollution is therefore an important topic for today's scientists. Fly ash (FA) is a type of industrial waste that can cause multiple environmental problems if discharged into the air. On the other hand, because of its high porosity, large specific surface area, and other unique characteristics, the FA can also be used as a low-cost and high efficient adsorbent with some simple modifications. This paper reviews the effects of FA on treatment of the above air and water pollution based on our research experience over many years, including to the current status of global FA utilization, physicochemical properties, principle of adsorption, and the application direction of FA in the future. It focuses on the use of nanocomposite technology to fabricate functional FA fibrous membranes to adsorb VOCs from air, and treat heavy metal wastewater. This present review first describes the fabrication technology of FA nanocomposites and their mechanism of adsorption VOCs from air. Utilization of nanofiber technology to fabricate multi-functional FA emerging composite materials to mitigate air and water pollution has great potential in the future, especially use of pollutant material to control other pollutants.

show abstract

Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emission characteristics of a DI‐CI engine fueled with butanol/diesel blends

Prasad

Rao

Khana

2021

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rapid consumption of fossil fuels, ever rising energy demand, and rigorous emission norms have been attracting the attention of researchers toward clean renewable fuels such as alcohol‐based fuels. Higher chain alcohol fuels are attractive alternative fuels for use in diesel engine. A higher chain alcohol (butanol, pentanol, etc.,) has better blending properties, higher calorific value, and higher cetane number than the lower chain alcohol. Alcohol fuels can be produced from the biomass. Therefore, it is important to examine the fuel, as well as its blends with diesel fuel in diesel engine for the engine characteristics. The present paper aims at studying the performance characteristics of a DI‐CI engine using butanol/diesel (B/D) blends with and without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Experiments were performed on a single cylinder CI engine with two different B/D blends (20% and 40% by volume of butanol in the mixture—denoted as a Bu20 and Bu40), with different EGR rates (0%–30% in steps of 10%). The experimental results showed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) improved by 1.1% and 1.25% for Bu20 and Bu40 blends in comparison with Bu00. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions reduced by 7.9%, 12.9% for Bu20 and Bu40 blends compared Bu00 respectively. Similarly, the soot emission decreased by 18% and 40.9% for Bu20 and Bu40 compared to Bu00. With the use of EGR, the NOx emissions significantly decreased. At 30% of EGR rate, the NOx emission reduced by 53.9%, 60.2%, and 67% for Bu00, Bu20, and Bu40, respectively. The soot emissions increased slightly at lower EGR rates of 0% to 20%. However, the soot emissions increased drastically at higher EGR rates for all the B/D blends. It is concluded that a combination of higher fraction of B/D blends along with a small EGR rate, can achieve lower emissions (soot and NOx) with a small penalty on the engine performance.

show abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/n-butanol blends

Cited by 106 publications

References 44 publications

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated analogs associated to particulate matter emission from a Euro V-SCR engine fuelled with diesel/biodiesel blends

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated analogs associated to particulate matter emission from a Euro V-SCR engine fuelled with diesel/biodiesel blends

Fabrication of Multifunctional Hybrid Composites Using Fly Ash to Control Environmental Pollutants: A Review

Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emission characteristics of a DI‐CI engine fueled with butanol/diesel blends

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About