Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and soot emissions in a diesel engine and from a tube reactor

Dandajeh, Hamisu Adamu; Talibi, Midhat; Ladommatos, Nicos; Hellier, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.jksues.2020.12.007

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…325 Typical PAHs are benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA), indeno[1,2,3,c,d]pyrene (InP or IcdP), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[ghi]fluoranthene (BghiF), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), chrysene (Chry), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), pyrene (Pyr), fluoranthene (Flua or Flt), anthracene (Ant), phenanthrene (Phe), acephenanthrylene (Apy), fluorene (Flu), acenaphthene (Ace), naphthalene (Nap), and acenaphthylene (Acy). 326,327 PAHs’ structure, toxicity, and physiochemical properties have been reported by several previous studies. 328,329 Important nitro-PAHs (N-PAHs) are 1-nitro pyrene, 2-nitro fluoranthene, 1-nitro fluorene, 2-nitro fluorene and 7-nitro benzo[a]anthracene, 6-nitro benza[a]pyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, 3-nitro fluoranthene, 2-nitro anthracene, 3-nitrophenanthrene, 9-nitro phenanthrene, and 9-nitro anthracene.…”

Section: Chemical Characterization Of the Pmmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…324 Fine particles and UFPs exhibit higher PAHs than coarse particles due to their large surface area, enhancing the adsorption of HCs. 325 326,327 PAHs' structure, toxicity, and physiochemical properties have been reported by several previous studies. 328,329 Important nitro-PAHs (N-PAHs) are 1-nitro pyrene, 2-nitro fluoranthene, 1-nitro fluorene, 2-nitro fluorene and 7-nitro benzo[a]anthracene, 6-nitro benza[a]pyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, 3-nitro fluoranthene, 2-nitro anthracene, 3nitrophenanthrene, 9-nitro phenanthrene, and 9-nitro anthracene.…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs) In the Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Particulates from compression ignition (CI) engines have received serious attention in the last two decades. CI engines emit higher particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) than spark ignition (SI) engines. Both these species are harmful to human health and the environment. Compared to NOx emissions, PM constitutes many more chemical species in solid and liquid phases. This review paper focuses on soot morphology and chemical characterization of PM emissions from CI engines. Effects of different fuels, lubricating oil, and engine operating conditions on particulate characteristics are analyzed exhaustively. The first part of this paper focuses on the effects of particulates on living organisms, the consequences of exposure to diesel particulates, and the composition of diesel particulates. In recent decades, micro and nano-scale characteristics of PM have been exhaustively investigated to understand its structure, formation, and chemical functionalities. Typically, particulates comprise of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the soluble organic fraction (SOF), and trace metals. This paper summarizes most aspects of diesel particulate emissions for the benefit of active researchers in the field and underlines the importance of particulate emission reduction from the CI engines. Diesel combustion generates particles with enormous long-chain aggregates of smaller sizes and immature soot particles. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes and oxygenated fuels reduce the soot emissions and generate compact/clustered aggregates. Oxygenated fuels in CI engines produce more nucleation mode particles (NMPs) and high-reactivity soot aggregates. Higher trace metal concentrations were observed in diesel origin particulates than biofuel origin particulates. Biodiesel origin particulates possess higher mutagenicity and carcinogenicity because of nitro-PAHs. Transient engine operations cause higher particulates than steady-state engine operations.

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Section: Chemical Characterization Of the Pmmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs) In the Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…For centuries now, compression engines fuelled with fossil diesel have been effective for power generation and heavy duty road transportation systems [1], [2]. Despite these significant contributions, they still suffer hugely from exhaust particulate emissions which degrade atmospheric air quality due to the toxicity of such particulates [3], [4,5]. Inhalation of particulate contaminated air has led and still leading to the rising global human morbidities and mortalities [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of equalising ignition delay on combustion and soot emission characteristics of model fuel blends

Dandajeh

Ladommatos

Hellier

2022

J. Cent. South Univ.

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This paper examines the effect of equalizing ignition delay in a compression ignition engine. Two sets of tests were conducted. A constant injection timing tests with start of fuel injection at 10 o CAD BTDC and a constant ignition timing tests while also keeping the 10 o CAD BTDC injection and adding ignition improver (2ethylhexylnitrate -2EHN) to the fuel mixtures. Soot particles were characterised using DMS-500 instrument in terms of mass, size, and number. The experimental results showed that adding 2-EHN to the model fuel blends reduced the soot surface area, soot mass concentration and soot mean size. Replacing 20% (vol) of a C7-heptane, with 20% of methyl-decanoate (an oxygenated C11 molecule) did not affect the ignition delay or rates of fuel air premixing, the peak in-cylinder pressure and heat release rates. Toluene addition (0 -22.5% by vol) to heptane increased the mean size of the soot particles generated by only 3% while also resulting in a slight increase in the peak cylinder pressure and peak heat release rates. Blending toluene and methyl-decanoate into heptane without adding-2EHN increased the premix phase fraction by at least 13%. However, adding 2EHN (400 -1500ppm), the premixed phase fraction decreased by at least 11%.

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A numerical approach to elucidate the combustion and emission characteristics of n-dodecane under hydrogen enrichment

Akram

2022

Energy Conversion and Management

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and soot emissions in a diesel engine and from a tube reactor

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Effect of equalising ignition delay on combustion and soot emission characteristics of model fuel blends

A numerical approach to elucidate the combustion and emission characteristics of n-dodecane under hydrogen enrichment

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