Polycrystalline and monocrystalline antimony, iridium and palladium as electrode material for pH-sensing electrodes

Kinoshita, Eita; Ingman, Folke; Edwall, G.; Thulin, S.; Głąb, Stanisław

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(86)80028-5

Cited by 53 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As presented in Figure 2A, the O 1s peak for IrO x is rather broad and can be deconvoluted into three peaks, which are contributed from different kinds of oxygen species, i.e., undissociated water, OH groups and lattice oxide [27]. Among them, the prevailing content is H 2 [28].…”

Section: Properties Of the Irofmentioning

confidence: 97%

Carbonate‐Melt Oxidized Iridium Wire for pH Sensing

Wang

Yao

2003

Electroanalysis

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A new approach to the preparation of an iridium oxide film for pH sensing is demonstrated. A thick, uniform and dense ceramic oxide layer was grown on the surface of an iridium wire by oxidizing the wire in a molten alkali metal carbonate at high temperature. The alkali metal ion from the carbonate melt was incorporated into the oxide, resulting in a highly stable oxide compound. After treated in acid solution, the oxide layer became hydrated. SEM, XRD, TGA and element analysis were carried out to characterize the oxide film, and a possible formula of the oxide was computed as Li 0.86 IrO 2.34 (OH) 0.76 ¥ 0.39H 2 O. The electrode made with this new type of oxide film exhibited good pH sensitivity and stability, even in strong acid/base solutions, or in strong corrosive solution such as hydrofluoric acid. Furthermore, the electrode showed excellent long-term stability over the test period of two and a half years. In addition, individual electrodes prepared from the same batch exhibited remarkable agreement with respect to potential/pH slopes and apparent standard electrode potentials. The performance of the electrodes depends on the properties of the oxide film, such as composition, hydration state and oxidation state.

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Section: Properties Of the Irofmentioning

confidence: 97%

Carbonate‐Melt Oxidized Iridium Wire for pH Sensing

Wang

Yao

2003

Electroanalysis

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“…Kinoshita et al [20] studied the effect of some anions on the pH response of an IrOx electrode and found that the addition of borate, phosphate, and ammonia to the electrolyte under investigation showed no detrimental effects. On the other hand, the addition of oxalate altered the characteristics of the electrode.…”

Section: Effect Of Redox Ions On Potential-ph Response Of the Irox Elmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Iridium oxide (IrOx) pH electrodes have often been considered to have the following advantages over other M/MO and MO electrodes: (i) a wide linear pH response range [3,9,10]; (ii) a fast and stable response in aqueous, nonaqueous solutions, and non-conductive liquids [11][12][13][14]; (iii) no requirement for pretreatment [11]; (iv) the oxide is highly stable in aqueous and corrosive solutions over a wide range of temperature and pressure [15][16][17][18]; (vi) the pH response is not affected by most of the interference of ions or complexing agents in solutions [3,[19][20][21][22]; and (vii) have low electrical impedance and temperature coefficients [23]. Due to these advantages, IrOx electrodes are currently used as reference electrodes in microfabricated biosensors and biochips [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microparticle-based iridium oxide ultramicroelectrodes for pH sensing and imaging

El-Giar

Wipf

2007

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…Also antimony, as a metal related to bismuth, has its history in electrochemistry. In the past, antimony/antimony oxide electrodes were suggested as potentiometric sensors for measuring pH, particularly in combination with biomedical (dental) application [21][22][23][24][25]. Interestingly, there has not been any work presented about the successful usage of the antimony film electrode for electrochemical stripping analysis of trace heavy metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%