Fabrication and characterization of a novel potentiometric pH electrode based on melt-oxidized iridium oxide film is presented. The oxide film produced in a lithium carbonate melt has the composition of Li x IrO y •nH 2 O, and shows high chemical stability. The electrode based on this oxide film exhibits very promising pH sensing performance, with an ideal Nernstian response in the tested pH range of 1 to 13. The potential response is fast, with a 90% response time obtained in less than 1 s for all pH changes. The open-circuit potential of the electrode is almost drift-free, with an average variation over time in a pH 6.6 solution as small as 0.1 mV/day. Furthermore, the potential/pH slopes and the apparent standard electrode potentials show excellent agreement among electrodes from the same batch. A comparison is made of the present electrode and those reported in the literature with respect to fabrication method and pH sensing characteristics.
The growing branch of science and technology known as sensors has permeated virtually all professional science and engineering organizations. Sensor science generates thousands of new publications each year, in publications ranging from magazines such as Popular Mechanics and Discover to learned journals like the Journal of The Electrochemical Society (JES). The Electrochemical Society ͑ECS͒, which has declared itself the society for solid state and electrochemical science and technology, and its worldwide membership, have been vitally instrumental in contributions to both the science and technology underlying sensors. This article is about a few of the chemical sensors that have evolved, those still now evolving, and the continuing role of ECS in advancement of sensor science and engineering.
By means of scanning tunneling microscopy, we have explored the two-dimensional self-assembly of functional bicomponent hydrogen-bonding dye systems, leading to well-defined patterns, different from those of the individual components, and providing design rules to immobilize multicomponent systems at the liquid-solid interface.
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