Summary: Poly(alkylene hydrogen phosphonate)s with a number‐average molecular weight of about 3 000 Da were obtained by a transesterification of dimethyl hydrogen phosphonate with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 400) under microwave irradiation with a very short reaction time (55 min) relative to that of classical thermal heating (9 h). The structure of the resulting polymer was confirmed by 1H, 31P, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weight was determined by 1H, 31P{H} NMR spectroscopy, MALDI‐TOF, and GPC.The transesterification of dimethyl hydrogen phosphonate with poly(ethylene glycol).imageThe transesterification of dimethyl hydrogen phosphonate with poly(ethylene glycol).